降雪及旅游活动对金佛山表层岩溶泉水化学的影响

金佛山是世界自然遗产，冬季到景区赏雪的游客众多。为探究降雪过程及旅游活动对金佛山表层岩溶泉的影响，本文对2014年12月一次大规模降雪前后的水房泉水化学变化进行高频自动取样监测，获取高分辨率的水化学变化曲线，与大气降水、土壤水及污水的理化特征进行比较，并采用主成分分析法剖析影响泉水化学的主要因素。结果表明泉水理化学指标在降雪的不同阶段表现出显著的动态变化:在积雪初期（2014-12-10至2014-12-14）大部分水化学指标基本稳定；此后至积雪大面积融化前（2014-12-15至2014-12-28）旅游排污量增大，泉水的水温、流量、浊度、盐度以及各项离子含量呈上升趋势，而pH、溶解氧则呈下降趋势，水化学指标变幅大；积雪融化期间，融水补给使泉水溶解氧和浊度上升，其他水化学指标先下降后上升。主成分分析显示旅游活动的污水输入是引起泉水水质变化的首要因素，主成分贡献率达59%；积雪融化的稀释作用能一定程度缓解流域地下水污染状况，是第二影响因素，贡献率31%。 

Effects of snowfall and tourism activities on water chemistry of surface karst springs in the Jinfo Mountain

The Jinfo Mountain is a world natural heritage which attracts many tourists to visit its scenic spots in winter. The purpose of this work is to explore the effects of snowfall and tourism activities on the surface karst springs in this area. We conducted high-frequency automatic sampling monitoring of chemical changes in water springs during a large-scale snowfall in December 2014, obtaining high resolution hydrochemical change curves, which were compared with physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric precipitation, soil water and sewage. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the main factors affecting spring water chemistry. The physical and chemical indexes of spring water show significant dynamic changes in different stages of snowfall, at the beginning of snow cover period(2014-12-10 to 2014-12-14), most of the hydrochemical indicators were stable largely; afterwards until the large area of snow melted (2014-12-15 to 2014-12-28), the amount of tourism emissions increased, spring water temperature, flow rate, turbidity, salinity and ion content exhibited an upward trend, while pH, dissolved oxygen showed a downward trend, and hydrochemical indicators changed greatly. During the melting of the snow, the melt water supply increased the dissolved oxygen and turbidity of the spring water, and other water chemical indicators first decreased and then rose. Principal component analysis shows that the sewage input of tourism activities was the primary factor causing the change of spring water quality, and the contribution rate of principal components reached 59%. The dilution effect of snow melting can relieve the groundwater pollution situation in the basin to a certain extent, which is the second influencing factor, with a contribution rate 31%.