汶川县震后5年生态环境质量恢复评价

对汶川县震后5年生态恢复状况进行评价,以多源遥感数据为主,其他调查统计数据为辅,构建了基于压力—状态—响应模型的生态环境质量评价指标体系,采用综合指数法对汶川县2007年、2008年和2013年生态环境质量进行评价,得到震前、震后以及5年后的生态环境质量评价分级图,并对震后5年汶川县生态恢复状况进行分析。结果表明,2007年汶川县有79.4%的区域生态环境质量良好,2008年5月12日地震对生态环境造成极大破坏,尤其是靠近震源地区,生态环境质量下降更为严重。通过震后5年恢复,到2013年汶川县生态环境质量恢复比较显著,有55.84%的区域环境质量有明显改善,特别是生态环境质量较差地区改善幅度较大,但仍未达到2007年区域生态环境质量水平。最后为今后该区域生态环境恢复重建提出相应的建议。

Recovery of evaluation the eco-environmental quality after the Wenchuan Earthquake

This study aims to evaluate the ecological restoration of Wenchuan County after the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, and to provide support for further ecological restoration and reconstruction. Simultaneously, this study also focuses on applying remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies to evaluate the ecological environment. Wenchuan County, which was the epicenter of the May 12, 2008 earthquake, was selected for this research, which involved multi-source remote sensing data and other supporting statistical data. An eco-environmental quality evaluation index system was established based on the pressure-state-response framework. The analytic hierarchy process method was used to calculate index weight. The eco-environmental qualities of Wenchuan County in 2007, 2008, and 2013 were evaluated by using the comprehensive index method. The results for the eco-environmental quality evaluation of Wenchuan County in 2007, 2008, and 2013 were obtained. Data gathered on the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan in 2008 were compared with those obtained in 2007, i.e., before the earthquake. Data on the eco-environmental quality recovery gathered in 2013 were also compared with the data in 2007 (i.e., before the earthquake) and 2008 (i.e., after the earthquake). The result of the analysis showed that 79.4% of Wenchuan County exhibited good eco-environmental quality in 2007. However, the eco-environmental quality of the county was severely damaged by the 2008 earthquake. In particular, the areas near the epicenter suffered from serious destruction. Five years after the earthquake (2013), the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan County has been successfully restored. In particular, 55.84% of the regional eco-environmental quality of the county has significantly improved compared with that in 2008. The eco-environmental quality of poor regions in the county has also exhibited an obvious improvement. However, the eco-environmental quality in some regions in the county has not fully recovered. Evaluating and analyzing the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan County in 2007, 2008, and 2013 are feasible by using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Such approaches help determine the space distribution of the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan Earthquake and evaluate its recovery. This study offers several useful recommendations on protecting and restoring the ecological environment that can be applied in the future.