不同生计类型农户的土地利用——三峡库区典型村的实证研究

采用分层随机抽样、参与式农村评估、地块调查等方法，研究了重庆市涪陵区珍溪镇3 个典型村样本农户的土地利用和土地投入的差异。共调查了227 户，2250 个地块。结果发现：① 除了6.17%的非农户土地撂荒、退耕或出租外，纯农户、一兼户、二兼户的土地利用类型均以集约为主。纯农户因年龄结构老龄化，劳动力供应不足，相对粗放的耕地面积为48.95%。一兼户相对集约利用的面积比例为71.08%。二兼户相对集约利用的面积比例为67.20%。② 土地投入有明显差异。纯农户每公顷农业劳动力投入少，劳动力老龄化；由于缺乏资金，农业机械及省工性投入少，多选择农家肥及磷肥、碳铵等价格较低的传统肥料。一兼户劳动力投入的数量与质量都最高，有长期投资农业的意愿与动力，农业机械投资量最大，保持了较高的农家肥施用量，且各种化肥配合施用，用量适中；二兼户每公顷农业劳动力投入大，以老人与妇女为主；由于收入高，农业机械及省工性投入比纯农户多，首选价格高、省劳力的化肥。非农户无土地投入。`

Land Use Characters of Farmers of Different Livelihood Strategies: Cases in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

This study examines land use types and input level of every plot of sample farmers in three typical villages in Chongqing. Through stratified random sampling survey, participatory rural appraisal and investigation of plots, 227 households and 2250 plots are investigated and sampled. Farmers are divided into four types: pure agriculture households, agriculture-dependent households, off-farm dependent households and off-farm households. The results show: (1) Apart from 6.17% of off-farm households, who leave land uncultivated, abandoned or rent, land use types of pure agriculture households, agriculture-dependent households and off-farm dependent households are mainly intensive. Some 48.95% of arable land of pure agriculture households are relatively extensive due to the aging. The proportions of relatively extensive arable land of agriculture-dependent and off-farm dependent households are 71.08% and 67.20% , respectively. (2) Land inputs are different among the four farmer types. Off-farm household have no land input. Pure agriculture households have low agricultural labor input due to aging, and less agricultural machinery and labor-saving inputs due to lack of funds, so they prefer to choose manure, phosphate fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate and other cheap fertilizers.