福建港口体系结构研究

阐述了福建港湾自然条件和港口开发现状,采用赫希曼-赫芬达尔指数分析近20年来港口体系空间结构的动态演变规律,结果表明,福建港口体系空间结构演变总趋势呈分散化。这说明了港口间的竞争大于合作,职能结构趋同,因而形成合理分工与协作的福建港口群是当务之急。鉴于此,运用模糊聚类、货种区位商等分析技术,对其体系内的港口等级层次、职能结构的基本特征进行探讨,并在此基础上提出了各港口职能分工的发展方向。

A Research on the Structure of Fujian Port System

The port system of Fujian is chosen as a research object,and natural condition and development situation of the harbors are elaborated.By using Hirshmann-Herfindahl index,dynamic regularity of the spatial structure of the port system in the past 20 years is analyzed.The results show that: the general variable trend of its spatial structure is of deconcentration,and the factors,including economic development,the change of industrial layout,the transformation of management policies of the port system,the demand of local transportation,and so on,have profound implications on its evolution.The above results indicate that there is more competition than cooperation of the ports and their functional structure of the port system is with homogeneity.Therefore it is necessary for the ports of Fujian to form a cooperative port cluster with rational function distribution.With the method of fuzzy clustering analysis,the ranks of the ports are derived and the six ports in Fujian are divided into three levels,thereinto,the first level includes Xiamen and Fuzhou,the second Quanzhou,Putian and Zhangzhou,and the third Ningde.The basic characteristics of functional structure of the ports are analyzed by applying the method of cargo location quotient,it can initially be seen that the ports are characterized by two types,namely multi-function comprehensive port and coastal industrial port.According to the above analysis conclusions,the port system in Fujian can be classified into three kinds:(1) Xiamen and Fuzhou are main center ports.(2) Quanzhou,Putian and Zhangzhou are regional important ports.(3) Ningde is general port which provides service for economic development at local level.