生态保护红线成效评估框架与指标方法

生态保护红线是在自然保护区、重点生态功能区、风景名胜区、森林公园等诸多区域生态管理制度不断实践基础上,面对中国国土开发和生态保护的复杂关系,继承和创新提出的一种新型区域生态管控制度,已经成为推动国家生态文明建设的重大战略。如何科学评估生态保护红线保护成效,服务于生态保护红线综合管理和保障区域生态安全,成为普遍关注的热点问题之一。针对已有的区域生态保护成效评估案例的不足,基于划定生态保护红线是为保障国家和区域生态安全的基本认知,围绕着生态保护红线“生态功能不降低、面积不减少、性质不改变”的管控目标,以生态保护红线对区域生态系统保护作用为主要出发点,提出生态保护成效评估框架和指标方法。生态保护成效评估以生态系统类型构成和生态系统服务功能为内容主线,通过多维度时空尺度拓展,耦合分析生态保护红线内外、实施前后的生态状况变化,综合评估生态保护红线对保障区域生态安全的贡献和改善区域生态状况的作用。进而,可以关联分析可能引起生态保护红线生态状况变化的管控政策、制度和其他间接驱动因素,评估政策实施成效评估。实证上选择海南省生态保护红线和广东省严格控制区为案例进行了讨论。

China's ecological protection redlines: Evaluation framework and method of protection effect

Ecological protection redline is one of innovation regional ecological management systems, and a major strategy of construction of ecological civilization of China. This management system is established on the basis of a series of practice and development of regional ecological protection management, such as national reserves, key ecosystem service zones and forest parks. How to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection redline, to serve the comprehensive management of ecological protection redline and protect regional ecological security, has become one of the popular issues. According to the protective objectives and management policies issued, purpose of redline management is to protect regional ecological security and improve ecosystem service ability. The core of this task is to stabilize and gradually improve the regional ecosystem, such as natural ecological space and ecosystem services. Then, an evaluation framework, including indexes and methods, is put forward. In the framework, ecosystem structure and ecosystem services are taken as the main content of ecological protection effect assessment. By multi-dimensional space-time scale expansion, comprehensive evaluation is done by analysis of ecological changes before and after the implementation of ecological protection redline measures, by inside and outside of the red-line protection zone. Moreover, comprehensive ecological protection effect is reflected by the regional ecological security contribution and regional ecosystem self-regulation ability. That is to say, the higher the contribution and self-regulation ability, the better the protection effects are. Furthermore, the management policies, measures and other indirect drivers that may cause ecological changes can be linked and analyzed to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of redline. This paper, taking Hainan and Guangdong provinces as the study region, applies the framework and methods. In Hainan, the contribution rate of ecological protection redline to natural ecological security space is 44.8%, and that of water conservation and soil conservation services is respectively 46.1% and 69.8%. In Guangdong, the contribution rate for increasing natural ecological space reaches 95%, that for improving the quality of ecosystem growth is up to 75%, and that for enhancing water and soil conservation services is 82.4% and 54.6%, respectively.