中国城市群臭氧污染时空分布研究

随着中国城市建设进程的加快,中国的臭氧（O₃）污染逐渐受到重视。城市群是人口大国城镇化的主要空间载体,是城镇化的主体形态。截至2017年3月底,国务院共先后批复了6个国家级城市群,并提出要优化提升东部地区城市群,培育发展中西部地区城市群。另外,新的城市规模划分标准以城区常住人口为统计口径,将城市划分为5类7档。为了研究中国O₃污染的时空分布特征以及O₃污染与城市群之间的关系,利用地理探测器（Geographical detector）和演化树模型对2014年6月到2017年5月共36个月的O₃监测数据进行时空分析。结果表明：中国O₃污染水平呈现上升趋势,并在2017年迅速增长,O₃已成为仅次于PM_2.5的第二大污染因子,且与PM_2.5在时间上呈“交错污染”的态势;O₃污染超标城市绝大多数集中在城市群区域,其中长江三角洲城市群、京津冀城市群、山东半岛城市群和中原城市群相对突出;O₃和PM_2.5均不超标的城市主要集中在北部湾城市群和海峡西岸城市群;城市群中人口规模大的城市O₃污染较为严重。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Ozone Pollution in Chinese Urban Agglomerations

With the rapid development of Chinese urban construction, Chinese ozone (O₃) pollution received serious attention gradually. The urban agglomeration is the main spatial carrier of the urbanization of the populous country. It is the main form of urbanization. By the end of March 2017, the State Council has approved six state-level urban agglomerations and proposed to optimize the urban agglomerations in the eastern region and cultivate the development of western urban agglomerations. On the other hand, the new division standard of urban scale is to take resident population of the city as the statistical caliber. The city is divided into five categories of seven files. In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution of O₃ pollution in China and the relationship between O₃ pollution and the city, the geographical detector and the evolution tree model were used to analyze O₃ monitoring data from June 2014 to May 2017, totally 36 months. The results show that the level of O₃ pollution in China is increasing, and it grows rapidly in 2017, O₃ has become the second largest pollution factor after PM_2.5, and it appears to be a staggered pollution status with PM_2.5 in time. O₃ polluted cities are concentrated in the urban agglomeration area, among which the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and the Central Plains urban agglomeration are relatively prominent. Cities of O₃ and PM_2.5 not exceeding the standard are mainly concentrated in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration and the West Straits Urban Agglomeration. O₃ pollution in the city of large population scale is more serious and has a negative impact on the surrounding cities.