基于货物结构的中国沿海港口运输职能判别

采用2013年中国沿海各港口的分类货物吞吐量数据,从综合性/专业化、职能规模、职能地位等视角判别其运输职能类型,并探究综合性/专业化与港口规模的关系,既考虑港口自身的货物结构,又兼顾各类货物在全国沿海港口体系中的地位。研究发现：港口的综合性/专业化与港口规模存在较弱的相关性,规模越大,综合性特征越显著,反之,专业化特征越突出;煤炭、金属矿石、石油、矿建材料等大宗货物是沿海港口的主要运输职能,尤其是煤炭运输在绝大多数沿海港口中占有重要地位,是港口形成专业化职能的核心要素;各类货物作为主要货种和优势货种的空间分布不尽相同;根据是否具有突出职能及综合性/专业化判别,沿海港口可以划分为六种运输职能类型。

The classification of transportation function of China's coastal ports based on cargo structure

As an important part of a comprehensive transportation system, ports are considered an open window and bridge for countries and regions. The transport functional structure of ports has become a research focus of port geography. With the rapid expansion of high energy-consuming industries in China, the proportion of heavy industry has been rising remarkably. Therefore, it becomes an important issue to classify the transport function of ports from the perspective of cargo structure. In this paper, we choose coastal ports in China as the study subject. Based on the throughput of each type of cargo in 2013, we launch our research from three aspects: comprehensiveness or specialization, function scale dimension, and function status dimension. We also explore the relationship between comprehensiveness/specialization and the scale of port throughput. In this way, we consider not only the cargo structure of port itself, but also the position and function of each port in each cargo transportation system. This research finds that there is a weak correlation between port's scale and its comprehensiveness/specialization. The larger the scale is, the more significant the comprehensive characteristics are, whereas, the more prominent special characteristics are. Specialized ports are concentrated in the Pearl River Delta and areas around the Bohai Bay, and comprehensive ports are distributed in the Yangtze River Delta and southeast coast of China, while general ports are mainly located in the areas around the Bohai Bay, the Pearl River Delta and southwest coast of China. Bulk cargo is the main transport function of coastal ports in China, such as coal, metal ore, oil, and mineral building materials. Especially, coal plays an important role in most of coastal ports, and it is also the core element for the formation of port's specialized function. The spatial distribution of goods as the main cargo and superior cargo are not the same. Coastal ports in China can be divided into six types according to whether it has prominent function and its level of comprehensiveness/specialization. They are comprehensive ports with no prominent functions, specialized ports with no prominent functions, general ports with no prominent functions, comprehensive ports with prominent functions, specialized ports with prominent functions, and general ports with prominent functions. This study can enrich the theory of transportation geography, and we hope it can provide guidance for the construction and layout of coastal ports in China.