中国工业发展的资源环境压力空间分异演化及影响因素

基于探知中国经济进入新常态前后工业发展的资源环境压力格局演化的初衷,以全国285个城市为研究对象,通过构建工业资源压力和工业环境压力评价指标体系,刻画两种压力的空间格局,比较归纳演化特征;基于空间计量模型识别工业资源环境压力的影响因素,比对作用方向和作用强度变化。结果显示：① 全国工业资源压力东高西低的格局进一步显著,沿海产业集聚地区是热点区域;工业环境压力西高东低、北高南低的空间格局弱化,北方产业集聚区是热点区域。② 工业资产规模、工业生产效益、工业劳动生产水平是影响工业资源压力格局的主要因素,其中工业资产规模的正向驱动作用减小,工业生产效益的正向驱动作用增大,工业劳动生产水平的负向驱动作用减小。③ 工业资产规模、环境规制、工业开放水平、工业生产效益、工业化水平是影响工业环境压力格局的主要因素,其中工业资产规模的正向驱动作用减弱,环境规制的驱动方向由正向转为负向,工业开放水平和工业生产效益的作用分别由正向显著和负向显著弱化为不显著,而工业化水平的作用由不显著演化为显著的正向驱动。④ 比较影响两种压力格局的主要因素,工业环境压力格局形成的动力机制比较复杂,在中国经济进入新常态背景下,工业环境压力影响因素的作用强度和作用方向变化更为剧烈。

Spatial evolution and influencing factors of industrial resources and environmental pressures in Chinese cities

The pattern of industrial resources and environmental pressures have changed before and after China's economy entering the new normal. Summarizing the spatial evolution characteristics and their influencing factors of industrial resources and environmental pressures is the main aim of this paper. To construct the industrial resources pressures and industrial environmental pressure evaluation system, the spatio-temporal characteristics of these two pressures are analyzed based on the sample of 285 Chinese cities. This paper uses spatial econometric models to quantify the influences of industrial resources and environmental pressures at the direction and the intensity. The results show that: (1) The industrial resources pressures in eastern China tend to be higher than those of western China. The coastal industrial agglomeration area is industrial resources pressures hot spot region. As the main affecting factors of the industrial resources pressures, the positive driving effects of industrial assets scale and production benefit have been reduced and increased, while the negative driving effect of industrial labor production level has been reduced. (2) The industrial environmental pressures are higher in western China than in eastern China and higher in northern China than in southern China and this spatial pattern tends to be less efficient. Industrial agglomeration area in northern China is industrial environmental pressures hot spot region. The positive driving effect of industry assets on industrial environmental pressures have been weakened. Environmental regulation has changed from promotion to inhibition, while industrialization from not obvious to positive. The function of industrial opening level and industrial production benefit have been weakened from positive and negative respectively to not obvious. (3) Through comparing the main factors of the two pressures pattern, it is found that the dynamic mechanism of industrial environmental pressure pattern is complex. Under the background of China's economy entering the new normal, the strength and direction of influencing factors have more effect on industrial environmental pressure.