基于自发地理信息的“一带一路”区域陆路交通状况分析

路网密度的研究是实施“一带一路”愿景之互联互通倡议的基础工作。“一带一路”顺应了世界经济全球化、一体化、多极化、信息化的趋势,牵连着蓬勃发展的亚太和发达的欧洲经济圈,带动中间国家的经济发展。在新形势下,如何通过交通基础设施建设推进丝绸之路经济带沿线区域间的互联互通、促进区域合作和经济发展,具有重要的现实意义。本文利用自发地理信息数据——OpenStreetMap（OSM）道路网数据,运用地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析技术,探究了“一带一路”陆路经济带辐射区域亚欧大陆的路网络密度和通行能力的空间分布格局,并分析了六大经济走廊节点城市的公路可达性空间格局。结果表明：“一带一路”陆路经济带的交通基础设施的发展存在着不平衡现象;路网密度和通行能力均呈现沿海高内陆低的空间格局;中亚、西亚地区和中南半岛地区成为道路水平落后带,限制了丝绸之路经济带资源整合与贸易畅通,建议在建设新跨国公路铁路同时,对原有老旧道路进行加宽加固等升级改造;全区域道路等级级配不合理;节点城市可达性具有明显的分异状况,六大经济走廊中83%的区域可达性在10 h以内。研究产出亚欧大陆1 km分辨率路网密度和通行能力数据集,发现了“一带一路”陆路经济带道路水平的薄弱区域,为“一带一路”陆路经济带的交通基础设施建设以及进一步的道路网研究提供了基础数据。

Analyzing the Land Transportation Conditions in the Belt and Road Area Based on Volunteered Geographic Information

Analysis on the road network is the basis for implementing the connectivity projects during the Initiative for the Belt and Road. The Belt and Road conforms to the trend of global economic globalization, integration, multi-polarization, and informatization. It implicates a thriving Asia-Pacific and developed European economic circles and drives the economic development of the intermediate countries. Under the new circumstances of the Belt and Road, it is of great practical significance to promote regional cooperation and economic development through the construction of transportation infrastructure along the Silk Road economic belt. In this study, based on the Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), namely, OpenStreetMap (OSM) road network data of the Eurasian continental, the road network density and weighted road network density were calculated by Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis techniques, and the spatial patterns of urban accessibility for the six economic corridors were studied. Following results have been obtained: there was an imbalance in the development of Land Transportation over the Belt and Road. The road network density and traffic capacity were higher in coastal areas than that in the inland areas. Central Asia, West Asia and Indo-china Peninsula are lagging areas that have restricted the integration of the resources and the smooth flow of trade in the Silk Road Economic Belt. It is suggested that at the same time as the construction of a new transnational road and railway, the existing old roads should be widened, reinforced, and upgraded. The grade levels of the roads across the region are in unreasonable coordination. The spatial distribution of urban accessibility in the six economic corridors showed an obvious interval pattern, and the accessibility of 83% of regions are within 10 h. This study showed that the undeveloped area of road in the Belt and Road, providing a fundamental dataset and support for the study on traffic infrastructure construction of the Belt and Road.