赣南缺水区地下水赋存特征及典型蓄水构造模式解析——以兴国县为例

赣南红层盆地分布区一直被认为是地下水严重缺水区,各城镇饮用水源均为地表水体。随着经济发展、社会进步,人民对美好生活的需要不断提升,优质、稳定的饮用水成为老区人民需求增长最快的民生问题之一。中国地质调查局根据原国土资源部的统一部署,于2017年启动了赣南七县水文地质调查扶贫找水解困工作。本文通过精准式地下水勘查实例分析和大比例尺水文地质调查成果总结,采用基岩山区气象补水、地貌汇水、地层蓄水、构造导水、钻探取水的实践理念综合分析,梳理总结了兴国县存在季节型、水质型、工程型缺水的主要原因,并创新提出了补给-滞留型、植被涵养型、侵入扩张输导型3种基于地下水驱动力的蓄水构造模式,进一步丰富了蓄水构造理论,分析总结了不同含水岩组分布区风化裂隙水、溶蚀裂隙孔隙水、层间裂隙水、构造裂隙水、古河道孔隙水5种缺水区找水方向。蓄水构造模式和找水方向经实践证明,在严重缺水的红层分布区可以快速确定找水靶区,找水成效显著。

An Analysis of Characteristics of Groundwater Occurrence and Typical Model of Water-storage Structures in Water-deficient Areas of Southern Jiangxi Province: A Case Study of Xingguo County

The distribution areas of red bed basin in southern Jiangxi Province are always deemed as the areas with serious shortage of groundwater, and drinking water in all cities and towns is sourced from surface water bodies. With the social progress, economic development and increasing demand for better life, stable supply of high-quality drinking water has become one of the livelihood issues with the fastest demand growth in the old revolutionary areas. In accordance with the uniform deployment of the former Ministry of Land and Resources, China Geological Survey commenced the hydrogeological survey work in seven counties in southern Jiangxi Province in 2017 for the purpose of achieving poverty alleviation and overcoming the difficulties of water exploration. By means of accurate instance analysis of groundwater exploration and summarization about results of large-scale hydrogeological survey, this paper summarizes the main causes for seasonal, pollution-induced and construction-induced water storage in Xingguo County on the basis of comprehensive analysis of practical theory of water replenishment, catchment, impoundment, diversion via structures and intaking through drilling in the bedrock mountain areas; on such a basis, three models of water-storing structures based on driving force of groundwater were presented in an innovative manner, i.e., replenishment - retaining, vegetation conservation, and invasion-expansion-delivery, which further enriches the theory of water-storing structure; moreover, this paper analyzes and summarizes five different directions for water exploration in the water-deficient areas, i.e., weathering fissure water, grike pore water, interlayer fissure water, structure fissure water and ancient channel pore water in those areas where different aquifer groups are distributed. Through practices, it has been proved that the above-mentioned models of water- storing structure and directions of water exploration can help to determine the target regions quickly and play a significant role in water exploration in the red bed distribution areas suffering serious water shortage.