城市群、产业集群与开发区互动发展研究——以长株潭城市群为例

城市群、产业集群与开发区的协同发展是实现城市群地区可持续快速发展的重要手段。在已有文献研究的基础上,基于宏观与微观相结合的视角,梳理了城市群、产业集群与开发区三者之间的关系及互动机制。认为城市群是新型城镇化的主体形态,是产业集群和开发区发展的空间载体,城市群为开发区和产业集群发展提供生产要素、服务和市场;开发区是城市群的创新创业高地与产业集聚、集群发展的重要场所,是城市群的重要生产功能区;产业集群是产业发展的重要组织形式,是推动开发区和城市群发展的重要驱动力。产业集群与开发区共享着城市群的资源与服务,开发区通过产业集聚与创新,产业集群通过产业链延伸、耦合与创新,与城市群形成生产要素、市场交易、创新与服务等方面的多维度相互作用,最终实现三者的协同发展。基于城市群、产业集群与开发区规模、结构、职能和创新等4个方面的17个指标,采用典型相关分析法,以长株潭城市群为案例区,对城市群、产业集群与开发区两大变量组进行了互动因素与强度的量化分析,结果表明：① 长株潭城市群、产业集群与开发区已形成有效互动。其中,城市群通过经济规模、城市结构、创新投入与产出、服务职能的发展,促进产业集群的经济规模、产业集聚、经济效益与产业创新,以及开发区的建设品质、产业集聚与产业效率的发展。开发区通过产业集聚与创新效率的提高,产业集群通过产业规模、效益协同开发区效率的提升,强化了城市群规模、结构、创新与职能的发展。② 长株潭城市群通过经济规模、结构、创新与服务四类因子,对产业集群与开发区产生了全面的促进作用,但产业集群与开发区并未完全协同地促进城市群发展。③ 要进一步提升产业集群的效益与开发区的效率,加强其对城市群发展与繁荣的支撑作用,全面实现三者的多维良性互动,提高城市群的核心竞争力。

Interactive development of urban agglomeration,industrial cluster and development zone: A case study of Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration

Coordinated development of urban agglomeration, industrial cluster and development zones is an important means to achieve sustainable and rapid development of urban agglomeration. The relationship and interactive mechanism among urban agglomeration, industrial cluster and development zone are clarified from the combined macro- and micro-perspectives provided in previous studies. Urban agglomeration is the main form of new urbanization and development spatial carrier of industrial cluster and development zone, providing production factors, services and market for development zones and industrial clusters; Development zone is an innovative and entrepreneurial area of urban agglomeration, which is also a significant place for industrial cluster, agglomeration development and important production function area of urban agglomeration; Industrial cluster, a major organizational form of industrial development, is a driving force for development zones and urban agglomerations. Industrial cluster and development zone share the resources and services with urban agglomeration. Development zone through industrial cluster and innovation, industrial cluster by extension of industrial chain, coupling and innovation, and urban agglomerations, shape multi-dimensional interaction in terms of factors of production, market transaction, innovation and service, to realize the coordinated development of the three aspects. Based on the 15 indexes of 4 aspects, such as the scale, structure, function and innovation of the urban agglomeration, industrial cluster and development zone, using the canonical correlation analysis method, taking Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (Chang-Zhu-Tan) urban agglomeration as an example, this study makes a quantitative analysis of the interaction factors and intensity of the two major variables in urban agglomeration, industrial cluster and development zone. Our results suggest the following: (1) Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration, industrial cluster and development zone have formed effective interaction. By developing economic scale, city structure, innovation input and output and service function, the urban agglomeration promotes the economic scale, industrial clusters, economic benefit and industrial innovation, as well as the development of construction quality, industrial clusters and industrial benefit in a development zone. Raising industrial agglomeration and innovation efficiency of development zone, and improving industry scale, performance collaboration development zone efficiency of industrial cluster can strengthen the scale, structure, innovation and function of urban agglomeration. (2) The economic scale, structure, innovation and service are four factors that contribute overall to the development of industrial clusters and development zones of Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration, but industrial clusters and development zones do not fully cooperate to promote the development of urban agglomerations. (3) We should further enhance the efficiency of industrial cluster and development zone, strengthen its supporting role in urban agglomeration, realize the multi-dimensional benign interaction of the three aspects, and improve the core competitiveness of urban agglomeration.