典型贫困山区旅游景点可达性评价方法研究

旅游景点的可达性水平不仅可以反映游客到达的方便程度,也用来衡量区域旅游业发展的潜力,而对于贫困山区旅游景点的可达性研究还可为旅游扶贫的开展工作提供理论参考。本文聚焦典型贫困山区,探究交通成本及复杂地形特征对旅游景点可达性的影响。首先,文章通过连接度指数和通达度指数的相关分析,了解研究区旅游网络的整体连通状况;然后,运用累积耗费距离法,分别基于不同等级交通因素和坡度、海拔等地形因素,对研究区旅游景点可达性和县级行政单元整体可达性进行对比分析,并提出了一种综合考虑交通因素和地形因素的可达性评价方法。研究表明：交通因素分析法弱化了水域对于可达性的阻隔作用;地形因素分析法忽视了交通条件对于可达性的影响;而综合考虑不同等级交通因素和复杂地形因素的可达性评价方法,既可有效识别水域对于贫困山区旅游景点可达性的阻隔作用,也体现了交通条件的改善对于自然环境下可达性水平的提升作用。

Accessibility of Scenic Spots in Typical Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas

The accessibility level of scenic spots can not only reflect the convenient degree of tourism, but also can be used to measure the development potential of regional tourism. Moreover, the research on accessibility of tourist attractions in poverty-stricken mountainous areas could provide academic reference for the implement of poverty alleviation tourism strategy. Thus, this paper focused on the typical poverty-stricken mountainous areas to explore the influences of traffic cost and complex terrain features on the accessibility of tourist attractions, and discussed the influencing factors and driving mechanisms of scenic spots accessibility, by taking Dabie Mountain Area of Hubei province as an example. Firstly, this paper utilized connectivity index and accessibility index to study the tourism network structure of the study area. Then with the application of raster cost weighted distance method, this paper attempted to measure the accessibility of scenic spots and overall accessibility at county level from the perspectives of complicated terrain and transportations in different grades comprehensively. Results indicated that: (1) From the perspective of terrain factors, the accessibility of scenic spots located in such areas which have lower altitude and more gentle slope is relatively better, and the accessibility of humanistic tourist attractions is better than ecological tourist attractions; (2) Based on the analysis of transportation factors, the accessibility of scenic spots which located in the intersection areas of higher-grade highways is relatively better, hence the spatial distribution of accessibility has a strong traffic orientation; (3) By contrasting and analysis, the method of making comprehensive considerations for the complex terrain features and different grades highways in poverty-stricken mountain areas, can not only effectively identify the blocking influences of waters for the accessibility of tourist attractions, but also can highlight the improvement of scenic spots accessibility under the influence of natural factors through the melioration of traffic conditions. Consequently, this improved method may lead to more objective assessment of accessibility, even reflect the mutual influences between human and nature to a certain extent.