保护性农业的研究现状、进展与展望

 保护性农业是相对较新的一个概念,它强调了农业的可持续发展。保护性农业的三个重要要素包括少耕或免耕、永久地面覆盖和轮作。从生态学的角度,保护性农业对土壤生态系统的有益效应包括改善土壤系统的化学、物理及生物特性。然而,目前保护性农业在全世界的推广应用范围还很有限,特别是在发展中国家更是如此。在发展中国家,农民主要把秸秆用于煮饭和取暖的燃料,同时还用作家畜饲草。因此,我们面临的主要问题是研究和解决把秸秆用于土壤保护和提高土壤肥力与其它用途的矛盾。本文较系统地评述了世界保护性农业的研究现状、主要进展及展望。还讨论了实行保护性农业中存在的问题及注意事项。

Current Situation, Progress and Prospects in Conservation Agriculture

Conservation agriculture is a relative new concept that encompasses the sustainable agricultural production. The three conservation agriculture principles are minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and crop rotations. Conservation agriculture has been found to have many long-term benefits, including improvement in soil chemical, physical and biological properties. However, the adoption rate of conservation agriculture is low on a global basis, especially in the developing countries where the stubble is regarded as an important fuel source for cooking and heating, and/or as fodder for livestock. Further research is needed to explore options for resolving the current conflict between crop residues for soil protection and fertility in conservation agriculture and the use of crop residues for other purposes for resource-poor small land holders in developing countries. The issues and concerns in the adoption of conservation agriculture are also discussed in the paper.