东山湾鱼类食物网研究

本文分析了东山湾８５种经济鱼类的食物关系，结果表明，东山湾鱼类的食性类型可分为：浮游生物食性；底栖生物食性；游泳动物食性；浮游生物和底栖生物食性；底栖生物和游泳动物食性及浮游生物，底栖生物和游泳动物食性等６种，这些鱼类可分为４个营养级：（１）杂食性鱼类；（２）低级肉食性鱼类；（３）中级肉食性鱼类；（４）高级肉食性鱼类，其中低级肉食性鱼类占优势。东山湾 鱼类食物网的能量流动可简要归纳为６种途径，小公

Food web of fishes in Dongshan Bay, Fujian

The present paper deals with the food relationship of 85 species of commercial fishes collected from the Dongshan Bay,Fujian during September, 1988 to August, 1989. According to their dietary habits,these fishes may be divided into 6 types:planktivorous, benthophagous,nektivorous, planktivorous-benthophagous, benthophagous-nektivorous and planktivorousbenthophagous-nektivorous fishes. By mean of the method of Odum and Heald,the fishes in Dongshan Bay can be separated into 4 trophic levels: (1)omnivores, (2)lower carnivores, (3)middle carnivores,and (4)higher canivores. Most of them are the lower canivores. 6 principal pathways of energy flow in the food web in the Dongshan Bay are simply described. In prey categories, Mysidae, Leptochela gracilis, Bregmaceros macclellardii, Stolophorus spp., Copepoda,Muscula senhousei,Acetes spp.,Euphausia spp.,and benthic diatoms are the most important. According to the main prey categories of each important fish in the Dongshan Bay,these fishes may be separated into 5 feeding groups. (1)The species,which are represented by Mugilidae,feed chiefly on benthic diatoms and organic detritus ; (2)The species, which are represented by Sparidae,feed mainly on Muscula senhonsei ; (3)The species, which are represented by Sardinella spp.,and Engraulidae,feed chiefly on Copepoda,Acetes spp.,Leptochela gracilis and Mysidae ; (4) The species, which are represented by Johnius belengeri and Sebostiscus marmoratus, feed chiefly on Brachyura, Macrura and Pisces ; and (5) The species, which are represented by Nemipterus virgatus and Saurida spp.,feed mainly on Macrura and Pisces. The amount of resources and the maximum sustainable yield of the animals belonging to the third trophic level in the food web in the Dongshan Bay are rough estimated.