高速远程滑坡运动堆积过程中的能量传递机制

高速远程滑坡往往引发灾难性事故，开展运动堆积过程定量研究，对于探究滑坡发生机理及预测致灾范围具有重要意义.基于室内物理模型试验，通过PIV技术分析高速摄像机在试验过程中拍摄的照片，获取了运动过程中滑体颗粒的水平速度、竖直速度与位移等运动参数.从滑体颗粒群和不同位置处单体颗粒角度，分析高速远程滑坡的运动演化规律.结果显示:（1）滑体颗粒前端出现高速区，该高速区随着滑坡停止具有一定的保持性.颗粒间存在明显的碰撞现象；（2）从不同位置单体颗粒来看，前部颗粒位移量最大，速度波动频繁，碰撞频次最高，能量多次补充；中部颗粒位移量其次，速度有波动过程，但不及前部频繁；后部颗粒位移量最小，速度基本呈递降趋势，能量逐渐减小.结合重庆鸡尾山滑坡以及Black Rapids Glacier滑坡实例分析，揭示了高速远程滑坡运动堆积过程中滑体颗粒间存在碰撞及能量传递现象，从而进一步探究高速远程滑坡形成机制，在监测预防、灾害治理等方面具有现实指导意义. 

Energy Transfer Mechanism during Movement and Accumulation of Rockslide Avalanche

Rockslide avalanches usually cause catastrophic accidents. Quantitative study on the movement process of rockslide avalanches is of great significance to the study on the mechanism of landslide occurrence and the prediction of disaster scope. Based on the indoor physical model test, the PIV technique was used to analyze the photographs taken by the high-speed camera during the experiment, and the motion parameters such as the horizontal velocity, vertical velocity and displacement of the sliding particles were obtained. The evolution of rockslide avalanche motion was analyzed from angles of the whole landslide and single particles. The results show follows:(1) the front position of landslide shows high speed spot. The spot keeps high speed though the landslide is ending. (2) From the view of single particles, the front particle is the largest one in displacement and most frequent in velocity fluctuation. The front particles own high collision frequency and their energy gains multiple supplements. The displacement of the middle particles ranks the second place. The velocity of middle particles is fluctuating, but less frequent than those of front. The displacement of the rear particles is the smallest. The velocity and energy generally decrease constantly. It is concluded that there are collision and energy transmission between the sliding particles in the process of rockslide avalanches, combined with the facts found in Jiweishan and Black Rapids Glacier rockslide avalanches. The formation mechanism of rockslide avalanche is also discussed in depth, which is of practical significance to the disaster monitoring, prevention, and control.