柽柳属植物抗旱性能研究及其应用潜力评价

柽柳属植物普遍具抗旱性能,以沙生柽柳为最强。作者从生物生态学特性、水分生理状况及抗水分胁迫的生理机制3方面系统地探讨了柽柳属植物抗旱机制。柽柳叶、营养枝及根、茎的解剖结构均表明,柽柳已形成了一系列适应于干旱环境的旱性器官。柽柳抗旱性能越强,则水势越低,持水力越强。当缓慢水分胁迫时,柽柳体内有脯氨酸、可溶性糖、K⁺、Na⁺的主动积累,共同参与渗透调节。对柽柳抗旱性能的应用潜力进行了评价,指出柽柳是优良防风固沙树种,其柽柳包的"年轮"对揭示当时的生态环境及荒漠环境演变有一定的指示作用。仅分布于流沙地区的沙生柽柳可作为沙漠中的"水源标记"。柽柳具优良的抗逆基因,通过基因工程克隆柽柳抗逆基因并转移到作物和牧草中,必将在维护生态安全、改造生态环境的同时,获得显著的经济效益。

Study on Drought-resisting Mechanism of Tamrix L. and Assessing of Its Potential Application

All species of Tamarix L.in China have some drought-resisting ability and,among which,Tamarix taklamakanensis is the best one.Showed by anatomic evidence of leaf,young branch,stem and root,the plant has xerophytic structure for decreasing water loss to adapt arid environment.The higher drought-resisting ability Tamarix has,the lower water potential but higher binding water content it has.When water-stress happened,the contents of Pro,soluble sugar,K⁺and Na⁺increased greatly and participate together in modulating osmotic pressure.Tamarix is one kind of excellent sand-fixing plants in northeastern part of China and plays an important role in maintaining stable ecological environment.The growth ring of Tamarix pile has some potential utilization in indicating local circumstance of the day and environmental evolvement of arid or semi-arid zone.Furthermore,Tamarix has valuable drought-related genes and can provide a potential application for deeper utilization through genic project.