高效、低耗冲击式凿岩钎具--工业炸药发明后困扰世界采掘工业的百年难题

150年前瑞典诺贝尔父子继中国火药之后,发明了硝化甘油胶质炸药用于修路与采矿,引发了导致社会财富高速增长的“真正意义的工业革命”。1923年德国施律泰尔发明WC－Co硬质合金,迅速形成了硬质合金切削刃具和硬质合金凿岩钎具两大产业,使机械和采掘工业飞速发展,被誉为“工业的牙齿”。迄今,现代化的凿岩爆破技术,已成为人为向岩石圈索取资源和向地下开拓生存与发展空间的主要手段,其中,用在岩矿石中冲击凿孔的凿岩钎具,是人类所有机械工具中受力条件最苛刻,使用寿命最短,基础工业必备,技术含量很高的大量消耗性工具,研制长寿命冲击凿岩钎具,已成为全球采掘工业高效,低耗凿岩必须解决的新世纪重大工程技术难题。这需要凿岩,爆破,岩石破碎,矿业,材料,冶金,钢铁,机械,物理,化工,电子,数学,力学,生物（ 一）等各方面专家的长期通力合作。建设以“新型硬质合金行人”和“长寿命冲击凿钎岩钎杆”为标志的有中国特色的现代化凿岩钎具工业,是我国新一代“资源－高科技－外向型”民族工业一个具有战略意义的新生长点。

High Drilling Rate and Long Service Life Percussive Rock-Drilling Tools:A Hundred-Year Puzzle for World Excavation Industry after Inventions of Industrial Explosives

The nitroglycerine dynamite for road building and mining invented 150 years ago by Nobel, a Sweden, after the invention of Chinese explosives, initiated the industrial revolution in its true sense that brought about high speed growth of social wealth. In 1923, a German invented WC Co cemented carbide, resulting in two major industries of hard alloy cutting tools and hard alloy rock drilling bits. As a consequence, the machine and excavating and mining industries grow rapidly. The cemented carbide is thus termed as the "industrial teeth". In particular, up to now, the modern rock drilling blasting technology has turned into a major means for the human being to obtain resources from the lithosphere and to expand the survival and development space to the underground. In particular, the rock drilling rods are the consumption tools with the smallest range of pressure conditions and the shortest service life in all the machine tools. This kind of rods, indispensable to the basic industry, is of high technology. The manufacture of long service life percussive rock drilling rods has already turned into an important engineering technology puzzle in the 21st century for the global excavation industry that requires highly efficient and low consumption drilling rods. The realization of this target needs the long term cooperation from many experts in rock drilling, blasting, rock fracturing, mining, materials, metallurgy, iron and steel, machine, physics, chemical industry, electronics, mathematics, mechanics and biology (bionics). The establishment of the Chinese modern rock drilling tools industry marked by new types of "cemented carbide drilling tools" and "long service life percussive rock drilling rods" is a new development point strategic to the new generation of "resources high tech export oriented" Chinese national industry.