热力剥离破碎岩石试验

在莫斯科国立地质勘探大学实验室对热力剥离碎岩方法进行的试验研究表明,不同类型岩石(岩浆岩、沉积岩、变质岩)的抗拉强度均随加热温度的升高而降低,且降低幅度较大,因此钻进速度明显提高.岩石破碎的形式与温度有关,当温度为500～600 K时破碎是在组成岩石的矿物颗粒(晶粒)内部进行的;当温度超过600 K时,破碎是在矿物颗粒间进行的.技术比较先进并有发展前景的加热升温方法是火焰喷射法、电子束法、等离子法和激光法.影响热力钻进发展的主要问题是没有合适的加热升温装置和碎岩工具,建议对此进行研究和开发.

Experimental Research on Thermal Peel Fragmentation of Rock

At present,the mechanical method of rock fragmentation is widely applied in geological investigations and petroleum drilling. Penetration rate is low and bit life is not high enough using this method. While thermal peel fragmentation is a new method, which has been studied in the MSGPU. Experiments show that different rocks, including magmatic rocks, sentimental rocks and metamorphic rocks the tensile strength decreases greatly with increase of temperature, so penetration rate is increased obviously. The fragmentation style is dependent upon the temperatures. When the temperatures is less than 500-600 K, rock fragmentation occurs in the rock grains(crystals) while when the temperatures is more than 600 K, rock fragmentation appears among the rock grains(crystals).It is considered heating systems that such as forced flame, electronic beam, plasma arc and laser beam are more advanced technically and more perspective heating systems . The main problems influencing normal development of thermal peel fragmentation are lacks of the heating systems and drill tools for the thermal fragmentation. Therefore it is necessary to further the research and the development of the systems and tools.