流式细胞术检测海洋浮游异养细菌异质性的研究进展

海洋浮游异养细菌(以下称浮游细菌)存在个体间的异质性,对浮游细菌异质性的研究是理解细菌生产、代谢及其在生物地球化学循环中重要作用的基础。流式细胞术具有快速分析大量细菌个体的能力,除了用来分析样品中细菌的丰度外,流式细胞术和细胞染色技术结合,被用来研究自然海水中浮游细菌在细胞膜完整性、CTC(5-氰基-2,3-二(4-甲基苯基)四唑氯化物)呼吸功能和核酸含量三个方面的异质性。尽管国外已经有较多研究,但我国在这方面的研究尚比较缺乏,本文综述了自然海区浮游细菌这三项异质性的研究现状,介绍了不同海区(主要是近岸)浮游细菌的异质性及其随环境的变化,以期推动我国在此领域的研究工作。目前对其异质性的变化机制尚没有很好的理论解释,在全球变化的大背景下,针对大洋深海和极区,有关长期变化、全球变暖以及酸化等对浮游细菌异质性的影响研究需要加强。

Composition heterogeneity of marine heterotrophic bacterioplankton analyzed by flow cytometry

There is heterogeneity in several aspects among the individuals of the marine heterotrophic bacterioplankton (bacteria hereafter). Knowledge of bacteria heterogeneity and its influencing factors is the basis for understanding the critical role of bacterial production and metabolism in biogeochemical cycle. Combined with staining techniques, flow cytometry was used widely in analyzing bacteria heterogeneity in addition to the efficient counting of large amounts of bacteria. Bacteria heterogeneities of three aspects were analyzed by flow cytometry,membrane integrity, CTC test, and DNA content. Although a lot of bacteria heterogeneity studies were carried out in the world oceans, this research was scarce in China. This review introduces the research status of the three bacteria heterogeneity studies in the world oceans in order to promote similar study in China. Most of the bacteria heterogeneity study were carried out in coastal and shallow waters. While some spatial and temporal variations of these heterogeneity index were found, no mechanism was proposed to explain the phenomenon successfully. More studies should be carried out in deep waters and long-term changes. Influence of global warming and ocean acidification on bacteria heterogeneity need to be studied in response to climate change.