1980~2010年中国集中连片特困地区公路可达性演化研究

以14个中国集中连片特困地区为研究对象,基于1980年、1995年、2010年的公路网络数据,定量分析公路网络结构及公路可达性的演化,并通过对公路可达性的空间自相关分析,探讨14个中国集中连片特困地区的公路可达性空间格局演化趋势。研究结果表明：1995~2010年,14个中国集中连片特困地区的公路网络结构不断优化,但优劣排名具有较稳定的继承性。1980~2010年,网络可达性有不同程度地改善,网络可达性的优劣排名具有稳定性;栅格可达性相对较好的为罗霄山区、吕梁山区、大别山区等,相对较差的西藏、四省藏区、新疆南疆三地州;根据1980~2010年网络可达性的空间集聚关系,将14个中国集中连片特困地区的可达性空间格局演化趋势划分为维持原样型、趋于集聚型、趋于均衡型3个类型。

Evolution of Road Accessibility of Concentrated Contiguous Areas with Particular Difficulties in China from 1980 to 2010

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development ever defined the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China as a crucial battleground for poverty alleviation. Basing on the road network in 1980, 1995 and 2010, this article elaborates the evolution of road network and road accessibility of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China quantitatively, explores the spatial pattern evolution trend of road accessibility of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China through spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results indicates that the road network structure of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China optimized continuously from 1995 to 2010, and the merit rating kept a steady inheritance. The network accessibility of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China improved at different levels from 1980 to 2010, also the merit rating of network accessibility of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China kept steadily. Luoxiao mountainous areas, Lüliang mountainous areas and Dabie mountainous areas etc. got a relatively well situation on raster accessibility, but Tibet, Tibetan areas of four provinces and southern three states in Xinjiang are just the opposite. Then, according to the spatial agglomeration relationship of network accessibility of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China from 1980 to 2010, this article divides the evolution treads of accessibility spatial pattern of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China into 3 types, which are “maintaining the same”, “tending to agglomeration”, and “tending to equilibrium”. It summarizes road network characteristics and temporal and spatial pattern of accessibility evolution, explores some rules of road accessibility of the 14 concentrated contiguous areas with particular difficulties in China, not only enriches the study of accessibility evolution in poverty-stricken areas, but also provides some reference for our country to develop road traffic in poverty-stricken areas.