XX核电厂附近海域生态环境及潜在致灾生物研究

为了了解XX核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了四个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻,其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母和薮枝螅水母。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹、长吻沙蚕和丝异须虫。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁XX核电厂冷源安全的潜在致灾生物。海地瓜、棘刺锚参、海葵和球型侧腕水母的风险等级较高,其分布主要受温度和盐度的影响。后续工作中,XX核电厂应根据潜在致灾生物与环境因子的关系加强暴发机制研究、提升监测预警能力,并优化驱赶消杀技术和干扰体系,为核电厂冷源安全提供理论和技术保障。

Study on the ecological environment and potential hazard-causing organisms in the sea area near XX nuclear power plant

In order to understand the ecological environment of the sea area near XX nuclear power plant and screen out the hazard-causing organisms that may threaten the safety of the cold source of the nuclear power plant, this study conducted ecological surveys seasonally in 2018. Results showed that the density of phytoplankton was highest in autumn. The dominant phytoplankton species in spring was Prorocentrum donghaiense, and in other seasons were diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum. The density of zooplankton was highest in summer, dominated by copepods. Pleurobrachia globosa and Obelia sp. were among the dominant species of zooplankton in spring and summer. The density and biomass of zoobenthos were highest in autumn, and the dominant species were Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides, Glycera chirori and Heteromastus filiforms. The communities of phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos showed highest levels of diversity and stability in summer. The cell abundance of the phytoplankton community was greatly positively correlated with changes in suspended matter and phosphate. The density of zooplankton was greatly affected by temperature and salinity. The community distribution of zoobenthos was mainly affected by the concentrations of suspended matter and inorganic nutrients. In this study, a total of 17 potential hazard-causing organisms that threaten the safety of cold sources in XX nuclear power plants have been screened out. Among them, Acaudina molpadioides, Protankyra bidentata, Actiniaria spp. and Pleurobrachia globosa had higher risk levels, and their distribution was mainly affected by temperature and salinity. Based on the relationship between potential disaster-causing organisms and environmental factors, XX nuclear power plants should strengthen the research of outbreak mechanism, improve the monitoring and early-warning capabilities, and optimize the driving-killing technology and interference system. Therefore, more theoretical and technical guarantees could be provided for the safety of cold sources in nuclear power plants.