鱼类疫苗浸泡免疫策略优化的研究现状

疫苗是一种针对特定疾病并改善免疫者免疫力的生物制剂。疫苗能刺激免疫者的免疫系统产生特异性免疫反应和非特异性免疫反应,提高免疫者的抗病能力,达到免疫保护的效果。浸泡免疫是鱼类特有的免疫接种方法,该方法能简化人工操作、减少工作强度、降低鱼体应激、刺激鱼体的黏膜系统,可在短时间内完成大量的免疫工作。正确的疫苗使用有助于提高疫苗的效果。作者对鱼类黏膜免疫机制、鱼类疫苗浸泡免疫方式、浸泡免疫策略优化的方法、浸泡免疫面临的问题以及浸泡免疫的发展趋势等进行综述,以期为鱼类病害防治和鱼体免疫增强的研究提供新思路和新策略。

Current investigation status of immerison vaccination strategy optimization in fish

A vaccine is a biological preparation directed against a specific disease, which can stimulate a fish''s immune system to produce both specific and nonspecific immunity, thus providing resistance to diseases via immune protection. Immersion vaccination is a specialized immunization method for fish, which simplifies the artificial operation process, reduces labor intensity, decreases the degree of stress on the fish, stimulates the mucosal system of the fish, and can be completed in a short period of time on a large number of fish. The use of the correct vaccination strategy is very important to improve the vaccine''s effectiveness. In this paper, research progress on the mechanisms of mucosal immunity in fish, modes of vaccination, the optimization of immersion vaccination methods, problems faced by immersion vaccination, and developmental trends were reviewed with the aim of providing new insights and strategies for disease control and immunological enhancement in fish.