从无人机遥感、数据融合、生态价值谈自然资源要素综合观测体系构建

自然资源要素综合观测体系建设是自然资源部全面贯彻习近平生态文明思想、践行山水林田湖草是生命共同体发展理念、实施自然资源“两统一”管理的重要举措。这项基础性、公益性、紧迫性的建设工程对于解决我国自然资源长期且连续定位观测研究不够、预判资源环境数据支撑不足、实现以自然资源综合区划为管理单元、评价资源综合承载力、研究资源间耦合平衡过程、预判资源环境生态演变趋势及优化自然资源空间结构配比,具有十分重要意义。自然资源调查、监测与观测研究是获取自然资源现状、预判未来状态的主要手段。我国自然资源调查、监测体系相对完善,但观测研究体系相对不系统,数据积累相对不足。为了更好地搭建自然资源要素综合观测体系,分别从无人机遥感观测、数据融合及自然资源资产价值方面给出了建议: 充分利用和发挥无人机组网遥感观测、倾斜摄影测量等技术,开展自然资源立体观测; 借鉴降水、陆面、海表和三维云气象多元数据融合经验,开展自然资源要素综合的数据融合; 利用森林资源生态服务价值评价经验,开展自然资源资产价值核算。这些建议对自然资源综合观测体系的科学构建具有借鉴作用。

Construction of comprehensive observation system of natural resource elements based on UAV remote sensing,data fusion and ecological value

The construction of a comprehensive observation system for natural resource elements is an important measure for the Ministry of Natural Resources to fully implement Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought, fulfill the development concept of a life community of mountains, waters, forests, farmland, lakes and grassland, and conduct the “two unification” management of natural resources. This basic, public welfare, and urgent construction project is of significant importance in solving the problems of the shortage of long-term and continuous positioning observation research of natural resources, predicting the insufficient support of resources and environmental data, realizing the comprehensive division of natural resources as the management units, evaluating the comprehensive carrying capacity of resources, studying the process of coupling and balance among resources, prejudging the ecological evolution trend of resources and environment, and optimizing the spatial structure of natural resources. Natural resources survey, monitoring and observational research are the main means to obtain the current situation of natural resources and predict the future status. The natural resource survey and monitoring system is relatively complete, while the observational research system is relatively unsystematic, and data accumulation is relatively insufficient in China. In order to preferably build a comprehensive observation system for natural resource elements, the authors in this paper have put forward some suggestions from UVA remote sensing observations, data fusion and natural resources value. The UVA remote sensing observations and oblique photogrammetry should be fully utilized for stereoscopic observation of natural resources. The data fusion of natural resource elements should be developed based on the fusion experience of the research on precipitation, land surface, sea surface and 3D cloud meteorological multi-variate data. Besides, the asset value account of natural resources should be based on the evaluation experience of forest resource ecological service value. These suggestions could provide some reference for the comprehensive observation system of natural resource elements.