Modeling hydrological responses of karst spring to storm events: example of the Shuifang spring (Jinfo Mt., Chongqing,China) |
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Authors: | Yuexia Wu Yongjun Jiang Daoxian Yuan Linli Li |
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Institution: | (1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China;(2) Institute of Karst Environment and Rock Desert Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China;(3) Institue of Karst Geology, CAGS, Karst Dynamics Laboratory, M L R, Guilin, 541004, China |
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Abstract: | Reproduction of hydrographs at karst springs has been an approach of understanding the karst aquifer, which normally acts
as drains for the groundwater flow. However, its numerical modeling is difficult since factors for the internal geometry and
connectedness are unknown and hard to quantify. Hydrographs of the karst aquifer with well-developed conduits in Shuifang
spring catchment were obtained from the automatic gauging station at the spring orifice. Data as to the conduit system were
also obtained based on results and analyses of tracer tests. With these data, the hydrological responses of Shuifang spring
to storm events were simulated by storm water management model (SWMM) developed by USA EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies are used to compare the computed flow to the observed, which are 0.95 and 0.92 for calibration
and validation. SWMM was verified and applicable in karst conduit drainage system. The model illustrated correctly quick recharge
through conduits and slow and low inflow from the fissured aquifer matrix. The SCS-CN (soil conservation service-curve number)
infiltration method was used for computation of losses and runoff. Field tests indicated that permeability was extremely high
but different in karst area, which was less sensitive to the computed runoff when exceeded the common value provided by SWMM.
Therefore, an improved quantitative infiltration model for karst area will make SWMM possible to be a useful tool for assessing
and reproducing spring hydrographs. |
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Keywords: | Karst spring Modeling SWMM Conduit flow Tracer tests |
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