中国农业产业化龙头企业空间分布特征——以国家级重点龙头企业为例

根据880家国家级农业产业化重点龙头企业地理位置、主营业务等资料，利用相关分析、生态分布格局理论等方法，分析了龙头企业在宏观、微观地域及分行业空间布局特征。结果表明：①龙头企业以东部地区聚集为主，西部地区比重有一定提高，东部地区比重有波动；农业发展规模、经济发展水平较高省份聚集企业多，一省农产品丰富度与其龙头企业数相关性亦很显著；②龙头企业在各省内分布聚集程度不一，总体都以聚集为主，尤其以省会城市或中心城市聚集居多。但河北、浙江省内呈均匀分布；③在县级区域，存在一些龙头企业聚集县、专业化县，东部地区聚集县多，中部地区专业化程度高，西部地区特色产业聚集；④划定的17类龙头企业行业，聚集程度大体可分为四类，但总体上对原料依赖行业聚集程度高，对市场依赖行业聚集程度低。

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Agricultural Leading Enterprises in Agricultural Industrialization

Based on the data about geographical locations, dominant business of 880 state-level leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, this study analyzes the macro-and micro-geographical distribution and spatial distribution characteristics about these enterprises by adopting correlation analysis and ecological distribution pattern theory. The results show that: (1) Leading enterprises mainly gather in the eastern part (above 43%); proportion of leading enterprises in western areas has a certain improvement (from 16% up to 24%); there are fluctuations in the proportion of leading enterprises in eastern region; provinces with higher agricultural and economic development level have more enterprises, with correlation coefficients being 0.867 and 0.772; A province with its abundance of agricultural products has a significant correlation with its numbers of leading enterprises (correlation coefficients 0.759). (2) The aggregative extent of leading enterprises in different provinces is not equal. Generally, leading enterprises mainly gather in provincial capitals or central cities. Leading enterprises in Hebei and Zhejiang provinces are more evenly distributed (aggregation index is less than 1). (3) In the county-level areas, there are a number of leading enterprises gathered counties, and counties of specialization; the eastern region has more leading enterprises gathered counties; the central region has a high degree of specialization; the western region sees a centralization of characteristic industries. (4) The general level of aggregation can be divided into four categories based on the 17 kinds of divided leading enterprises or industries. On the whole, the industries dependent on raw materials have a high level of aggregation, whereas the industries of reliance on market trades with a lower degree of aggregation.