1989-2009年河南省农作物地理集聚及其演化机制

以河南省17 种农作物为对象,采用1989-2009 年的地市级数据,对农作物的集聚特点、专业化格局及其演化机制进行分析。研究结果表明:河南省农作物的集聚水平低且整体增长缓慢,尤其是遍在农作物;部分农作物有分散化的趋向,而水稻的集聚程度一直很高,较大程度上影响了河南省农作物整体的集聚水平;经济作物的集聚与区域专业化程度均高于粮食作物,且分布格局变化不大,仍集聚于研究时段初始时的优势区域;蔬菜类作物专业化程度较低,其空间分布与城市化水平高度相关,不断向郑汴地区集聚;水果类作物不断向豫西山地尤其是三门峡市集中,而部分水果类作物如葡萄、桃等则出现分散化的趋势。总体来说,各市域间农作物结构相似度高,分工与专业化生产初现雏形。在此基础上,构建了基于演化经济地理学的“稳定—变化—选择—适应”过程分析框架,对河南省农作物集聚与专业化格局的形成演化机制进行阐释。

Geographical agglomeration of crops and its evolutionary mechanism in Henan Province during 1989-2009

Taking 17 types of crops in Henan Province as an example, this paper analyses the geographical agglomeration and specialized level of crops from 1989 to 2009. Based on evolutionary economic geography, an analytic framework of "Stability-Variation-Selection-Adaption" was established to explain the crops' spatial agglomeration and its evolutionary mechanism. The results indicate that agglomeration of crops is low and in slow growth, especially for the general crops; rice has the highest level of clustering, which has a great impact on the whole agglomeration level of crops. Levels of agglomeration and specialization of the economic crops are higher than the food crops, and their distribution patterns are relatively stable, still concentrated in the initially favorable areas. Specialized level of vegetable crops is low, and their spatial distributions are dependent on the urbanization level of each city. Fruit crops constantly concentrate in the western mountainous area of Henan Province, especially Sanmenxia City, and some fruit crops, such as grapes and peaches, appear to be in a decentralized trend. The municipal differentiation degree of crops is low, and the pattern of division and specialization has just emerged.