纽约产业结构高级化及其对上海的启示

20世纪50年代以来，纽约的产业结构高级化不断发展，制造业急剧衰落，以生产性服务业为代表的第三产业迅速崛起。从90年代末期开始，与全美平均相比，纽约的证券业、工程管理、制药业、出版业、制衣业呈现较大的发展潜力，而房地产、银行业、健康服务业增长相对缓慢，服务业与制造业相互融合的趋势十分明显。此外，纽约城市空间差异日益扩大，曼哈顿人均收入比布朗克斯、布鲁克林高出一倍以上。纽约发展经验表明，以竞争优势代替比较成本优势、优先支持生产性服务业的发展、注重与产业之间的融合是推动城市产业高级化的有效手段。有鉴于此，笔者建议在上海市新一轮产业结构调整中应重点支持知识型服务业发展、加强产业间联系，以增强城市产业国际竞争力。

Upgrading the Industrial Structure of New York City and its Reference to Shanghai

Since the 1950's, the industrial structure of New York City has been upgrading. The manufacturing has shrunk sharply and the manufacturing - oriented service industry has grown rapidly. (Considering the average level of the United States, New York City has achieved great potential in industries of security, engineering, drug, publishing and apparel while real estate, banking and health services developed comparatively slowly since the late 1990's. The tendency of integration between manufacturing and services has been getting more and more apparently. Meanwhile, the spacious diversity has been increasingly notable in the city area and the average income of Manhattan was two times of that of Bronx and Brooklyn. The development of New York City shows that the competitive advantage taking the place of the comparative advantage, giving preference to the manufacturing - oriented service industry and the integrating among industries are efficient to promote the industrial upgrade. So we should emphasize the development of knowledge intensive services and the reinforcement of relation among industries to strengthen the international competitiveness in Shanghai.