论南海海洋治理——基于墨家哲学在新型国际关系上的嵌入

立足于中国哲学与地缘政治相融合的视角，通过解构地缘政治视角下的南海海洋治理问题，对比分析百家争鸣中墨家哲学对南海治理的价值作用，针对南海海洋治理提取墨家哲学的理念要点，尝试构建墨家哲学在南海海洋治理上的实践指导体系，研究表明：1）域内治理目标的不清晰和治理保障的不落地，以及域外大国的介入和国际组织发挥的作用有限，共同造成南海海洋治理的困境。2）南海海洋治理以自然海洋与人文海洋的统一为治理客体，以主权国家为最主要的行为主体，需要国家主体间的协同治理。3）从墨家哲学中提取1个核心要点、3个指导要义和4个关键要素，应用于南海海洋治理。在战略功能上以“兼爱非攻”和“义利一体”为价值取向，打破现实主义国际关系局限，以“功利主义”和“志功合一”为行为标准，促进新型国际关系合作；在实操路径上，要嵌入墨家哲学的“法”要素，以规范和标准为牵引，并嵌入墨家哲学的“求”“节”“巧”要素，以科技创新为驱动。

A Study of the Maritime Governance in South China Sea Based on the Embedding of Mohist Philosophy in New International Relations

The fluidity of the ocean makes maritime governance both a local and global issue. Effective maritime governance in the South China Sea needs to be guided by the principles of new international relations and the maritime community of a shared future, take a different path from traditional Western geopolitical ideas, and fully integrate the wisdom of Chinese philosophy. Based on the perspective of the integration of Chinese philosophy and geopolitics, we deconstructed the issue of maritime governance in the South China Sea from the perspective of geopolitics, elaborated and extracted the key points of Mohist philosophy for maritime governance in the South China Sea, and built a geopolitical strategic system of maritime governance in the South China Sea based on Mohist philosophy embedded in new international relations. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the unclear governance objectives within the region, the failure of governance guarantees, the intervention of foreign powers, and the limited role of international organizations has resulted in a dilemma regarding maritime governance in the South China Sea. (2) The South China Sea Ocean Governance takes the unity of the natural ocean and the human ocean as the governance objects and sovereign states as the main actors. (3) One core point, three guiding principles, and four key elements were extracted from Mohist philosophy and applied to the maritime governance of the South China Sea. On the basis of this concept, we should consider "love non-aggression" and "integration of justice and benefit" as the value orientations, and "utilitarianism" and "unity of ambition and work" as the standards of behavior. From a practical standpoint, we should embed the "law" elements of Mohist philosophy; take law as the traction; and embed the "seeking", "saving", and "skillful" elements of Mohist philosophy, driven by scientific and technological innovation.