农户收入的农区发展环境影响分析——基于河南省1251家农户的调查

通过对分层随机抽样选取的河南省不同类型的11个村的农户调查和定量分析,发现农户间收入差别很大,村际之间和同村农户之间均如此。全体样本农户收入的基尼系数达0.3936,有的村子已达0.4以上。模型分析表明,农区发展环境因素对农户收入具有重要影响。耕地面积、种植结构、经济基础、乡镇工商业发展水平、城郊区位、交通条件、兼业水平等因素在不同的地形类型和收入类型农户中,对收入提高产生一定的影响。低收入农户中,耕地面积较为重要,而在中等收入农户中,增加了种植结构因素,在高收入农户中,又增加了经济基础、工商水平、城郊区位和交通因素,由此验证了"区域发展阶段不同影响因素有所不同"的理论假设。

Rural household's income and its determinant factors: Evidence from 1251 rural households in Henan Province, China

Existing literature on regional income inequality in China has paid little attention to rural households,especially those in less industrialized rural areas.This study uses the data from a sample survey conducted in April 2007 on 1251 rural households from 11 villages of Henan,the largest less developed agricultural province in China,to examine rural inequality and factors contributing to rural income.It is found that rural income at the household-level was significantly different across rural villages and among rural households within a village.The Gini indices for all sample villages were over 0.39,and even over 0.4 for some villages.The income per capita in the poorest 10% of households only accounted for one thirty-seventh of that in the richest 10%.A quantitative modeling analysis indicates that regional factors,such as cultivated land area,landform types,farming structure,location as measured by distance from the closest county seat,transportation,and non-agricutural development have all played a significant role in explaining the difference.Furthermore,different factors have been found in villages with different income levels.In the lower income group of households,the cultivated land area was more important than other factors,implying that people in those families heavily relied on grain farming.In comparison,the agricultural types contributed more significantly to income for the households in the medium income group,while economic background,non-agricutural development level,geographical location,and transportation were more sensitive to income level in the households of high income group.This finding leads support to the hypothesis that the factors affecting rural development differ in different stages of development.The results of this study also provide a comparison with another study in the same province but based on township-level administrative areas.Most conclusions are consistant notwithstanding;this study provides some further factors improving understanding of rural development.