中国沿海城市群环境规制效率时空变化及影响因素分析

基于2003~2016年中国沿海三大城市群的面板数据,采用基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测度城市群环境规制效率,结合变异系数、基尼系数、空间自相关和广义最小二乘法（GLS）分析城市群环境规制效率空间演变特征,识别环境规制低效运行城市,探究环境规制效率变动的驱动因素。研究表明：① 京津冀城市群注重产业结构调整,环境规制效率上升最为显著;长三角城市群注重末端治理,环境规制效率下降趋势明显;珠三角城市群注重清洁生产技术的引进,环境规制效率明显优于其他两大城市群。② 三大城市群环境规制效率内部差异明显,珠三角城市群最为突出,长三角城市群环境规制下降型城市占比高达38.64%,集中分布在安徽、江苏交界处。③ 珠三角城市群是高环境规制效率空间集聚区,空间溢出效应显著;京津冀、长三角城市群是低环境规制效率空间集聚区,空间溢出效应不显著。④ 经济发展水平、产业结构、市场环境、城镇化水平和对外开放水平是东部沿海城市群环境规制效率变动的影响因素。

Spatio-temporal Change and Influencing Factors of Environmental Regulation in China's Coastal Urban Agglomerations

The efficiency of environmental regulation(EER) is an important way to evaluate the government's ability of environmental regulation. Based on the panel data of three coastal metropolitan agglomerations in eastern China from 2003 to 2016, this article uses the super-efficient SBM model with unexpected output to measure their EER, and combines the coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and GLS model to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of urban agglomerations' EER and explore its driving factors. The results show that: 1) The EER in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations rises most significantly; The EER in the River Delta urban agglomerations declines obviously; The EER in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations is higher than other urban agglomerations. 2) The internal differences of EER of the three major urban agglomerations are obvious, and the internal difference of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations is higher. 3) The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is a spatial agglomerations area with high EER, and the spatial spillover effect is significant; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations are spatial agglomeration areas with low EER, and their spatial spillover effects are not significant. 4) Economic development level, industrial structure, market environment, urbanization level and opening level are the influencing factors of EER of urban agglomerations.