产业技术变迁与全球技术创新体系空间演化

以1990~2014年全球96个国家和地区为研究对象,在对全球产业技术变迁研究基础上,对全球技术创新体系的等级层次性及其演化机制进行研究。结果发现： ① IPC（International Patent Classification,国际专利分类）-USPC（United States Patent Classification,美国专利分类）-NAICS（North American Industry Classification System,北美产业分类体系）的专利分类至产业分类识别系统为研究不同空间尺度下的产业技术创新变迁提供了全新的视角和方法,全球最具创新力的产业有着由机械产业向信息通信产业变迁的趋势;② 以信息通信产业、机械产业、电气设备产业和医疗设备产业为代表的全球产业技术创新能力在这25 a间都呈现出显著的两极分化和空间集聚趋势;③ 全球技术创新体系正由大西洋格局向太平洋格局演进,东亚地区成为全球技术创新的增长极;④ 国家研发支出规模、国家经济规模和国家文化包容性对国家技术创新能力有着明显的正向影响,但研发人员数量和国家人口总数对国家技术创新能力的作用不明显。

Industrial Technology Changes and Spatial Evolution of Global Technological Innovation System

Since the 1980s, under the collision of the spatial turn of Humanities & Social Sciences and the Culture Turn and Relational Turn of New Economic Geography, Innovative Geography has gradually become the main research direction of current Human-Economic Geography. In the process of development, a great number of outstanding achievements have emerged, and many issues have also been highlighted. There is an urgent need to make innovations on the scale, perspective and methodology. By constructing the identification system from patent classification to industry classification and taking information and communications technology industry, machinery industry, electrical equipment industry and medical equipment industry as 4 examples, the spatial and temporal changes of technological innovation capacity of the 4 major industries in the world were discussed. In addition, including the number of patent categories within the framework of the evaluation system for technological innovation capabilities, this article then studied the spatial evolution pattern of global technological innovation system. The results showed the identification system from patent classification to industry classification (IPC-USPC-NAICS) provides a new perspective and method for studying the changes in industrial technology innovation under different spatial scales. The most innovative industries in the world experienced the trend of change from the mechanical industry to the information and communications technology industry. Secondly, the global pattern of industrial technology innovation capabilities represented by the information and communications technology industry, machinery industry, electrical equipment industry and medical equipment industry have shown significant polarization and spatial agglomeration in these 25 years. Thirdly, the global technological innovation system has evolving from the Atlantic pattern to the Pacific pattern, and East Asia has become the growth pole of global technological innovation. At last, the scale of R&D expenditure, the scale of national economy and the national cultural inclusiveness have significant positive impacts on the national technological innovation capability. However, the number of R&D personnel and the total population have no obvious impact on the national technological innovation capability.