干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带空间贫困分异特征、减贫需求与扶贫对策研究——以新疆和田地区为例

干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带具有自然环境恶劣、社会发展滞后、经济基础薄弱、人口素质较低、贫困现象普遍的显著特征。依据空间贫困理论、GIS空间分析技术和TOPSIS模型，研究了和田地区空间贫困等级、致贫原因及其障碍度指数，并提出了相应的扶贫对策建议。结果表明：（1）和田地区一级贫困区包括和田县（0.528 0）、民丰县（0.466 3）；二级贫困区包括皮山县（0.387 1）、于田县（0.378 8）、和田市（0.371 5）、策勒县（0.348 3）、墨玉县（0.325 7）；三级贫困区包括洛浦县（0.221 3）。（2）和田地区排序前五的减贫需求包括：生产资料（86.8%）、资金（85.5%）、住房（74.3%）、教育培训（67.0%）和饮水（64.7%）。针对研究区的空间贫困分异特征以及减贫需求，从完善公共基础设施、实施转移就业行动、发展特色优势产业、改善生产生活条件、加大教育培训力度与金融扶持力度等方面提出了相应的对策建议。

Differentiation characteristics of spatial poverty,poverty reduction needs and poverty alleviation countermeasures in the oasis and desert ecotone of the arid region:A case of Hotan Prefecture

The oasis and desert ecotone in arid area has the characteristics of bad natural environment,lagged social development,weak economic base,low population quality and widespread poverty.According to the theory of space poverty,GIS spatial analysis technology and TOPSIS model,this paper studies the spatial poverty grade,causes of poverty and its obstacle index in Hotan Prefecture,Xinjiang,China,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for poverty alleviation.The results show as follows: (1) the first level poverty areas in Hotan Prefecture include Hotan County (0.528 0) and Minfeng County (0.466 3); the second level poverty areas include Pishan County (0.387 1),Yutian County (0.378 8),Hotan City (0.371 5),Cele County (0.348 3),Moyu County (0.325 7); the third level poverty stricken areas,including Luopu County (0.221 3).(2) The main factors of poverty in Hotan Prefecture are poor natural conditions,lack of infrastructure,lag of peopleJP8]’JP]s livelihood,single economic output and high proportion of ethnic minority population.(3) The top five poverty reduction needs in Hotan region include:Means of production (86.8%),funds (85.5%),housing (74.3%),education and training (67.0%),drinking water (64.7%).According to the different characteristics of spatial poverty and the demand of poverty reduction in the research area,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of improving public infrastructure,implementing the action of transferring employment,developing characteristic advantageous industries,improving production and living conditions,strengthening education and training and financial support.