1974-2017年山东省大陆海岸围填海动态变化分析

围填海是沿海地区解决土地资源短缺的重要手段,及时准确地监测地区围填海时空动态变化对于合理保护海岸带资源和推进地区社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于遥感、GIS技术,结合多种数据源,提取并分析1974-2017年山东省大陆海岸围填海时空动态变化特征。结果表明,43年来山东省大陆海岸围填海面积持续增长,到2017年总面积达到4649.26 km ²,围海为主要利用方式。围海活动多分布于黄河三角洲及莱州湾滩涂海域,填海活动则集中分布于沿海各大港口海域和城市滨海区域。全省围填海呈现出明显的阶段性特征,特别是2000年后,填海造地面积增加迅速,围海利用向填海造地转换现象突出,主要用于港口及临港产业发展和城镇与旅游基础设施建设,受沿海地区发展战略和城镇化、工业化驱动明显,围填海利用向综合化、多元化和集中集约化发展。

Reclamation Dynamics Along the Mainland Coast of Shandong Province during 1974-2017

With the rapid socioeconomic development, human activities continue to expand from mainland toward the sea. In this context, reclamation has become an important way to solve the shortage of land resources in coastal areas. However, high-intensity and unreasonable reclamation has caused tremendous pressure on the eco-environment in the coastal zone. Timely and accurately monitoring regional reclamation is of great significance for the protection of coastal resources and the promotion of regional sustainable development. Shandong Province is a major marine province with a long history of reclamation, with prominent coastal eco-environment problems caused by reclamation. By summarizing the existing literature, we found that there are few studies focused on unraveling the human-environmetal laws of reclamation, especially in Shandong province. So we extracted the vector data of reclamation using remote sensing images, and analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics along the mainland coast of Shandong Province from 1974 to 2017. The present study was based on RS/GIS technology, combined with a variety of data sources and aiming to inform reclamation management and related planning of the coastal zone in the study area. Results showed that: (1) The reclamation area of the mainland coast of Shandong Province had reached 4649.26 km ² by 2017, presenting a sustained growth trend during the research period. The main type of utilization was sea-based reclamation. (2) Sea-based reclamation was mainly distributed in the Yellow River delta and the tidal flat areas of Laizhou Bay, while land-based reclamation was concentrated in the coastal areas of major ports and cities. The gravity center of reclamation moved from southeast to northwest during 1974-2017. (3) Frequent conversion from sea-based reclamation to land-based reclamation was prominent, and reclamation utilization types changed from being single to more diversified. The proportion of harbors, towns, industries, and other utilization types in reclamation development had increased rapidly, and the development of aquaculture and salt industry was no longer the main way. The reclamation utilization turned to be more comprehensive, diversified, and intensified. (4) Coastal reclamation in the whole province presented obvious multi-stage characteristics. Before 2000, reclamation in Shandong Province was mainly used to develop aquaculture and salt industry. While after 2000, especially from 2007 to 2017, the land-based reclamation area had increased rapidly, mainly used for port construction, urban and tourism infrastructure construction, and industrial development of coastal ports, due to the impact of the coastal development strategy, urbanization and industrialization. (5) The types of reclamation had been transformed between each other frequently. The new land in Shandong Province came not only from land reclamation to the sea, but also from the transformation of original reclamation types such as aquaculture ponds and salt fields.