热带生物海岸对全球变化的响应

以热带生物海岸现代过程研究成果为基础,结合国内外相关资料,分析我国红树林海岸和珊瑚礁海岸对全球变暖、海平面上升、大气CO2浓度升高和海洋酸化的响应.其中,全球变暖和大气CO2浓度升高总体上有利于红树林生长发育,海平面上升对红树林和珊瑚礁的影响取决于红树林潮滩淤积速率和珊瑚礁礁坪堆积速率与海平面上升速率之间的对比关系.海平面加速上升将威胁部分红树林、珊瑚礁及其后的海岸堤防.全球变暖海表异常高温导致珊瑚白化、海洋酸化导致珊瑚和珊瑚藻钙化率降低将成为21世纪珊瑚礁的重大威胁.全球变化的不确定性和生态系统响应机制仍然有待进一步研究.主要是人类不合理开发活动导致目前红树林和珊瑚礁的广泛严重破坏,加强海岸带综合管理和生态环境保护,加强生态系统恢复重建,是有效适应本世纪全球变化影响的重要措施.

RESPONSES OF TROPICAL BIOLOGICAL COASSTS TO GLOBAL CHANGE

Based on the author's research results on modern process of tropical biological coasts as well as data from related domestic and international literature, possible responses of mangrove coasts and coral reef coasts to global change, e.g., global warming, sea level rise, and ocean acidification are analyzed. Global warming and increasing atmospheric CO2 are propitious to mangrove growing; while impacts of sea level rise on mangroves and coral reefs depend to the relationship between the rate of sea level rise and the rate of mangrove flat filling up / coral reef flat accumulation. Accelerating sea level rise will threaten part of mangroves and part of coral reefs as well as the coastal embankment behind them. Coral bleaching and mortality due to global warming and unusual elevated sea surface temperature and the reducing of the rate of coral and coral algae calcification due to the increasing concentration of CO2 in seawater as well as ocean acidification will become the major threats to coral reefs in this century. Global change is still uncertain, thus the response mechanism of ecosystems to global change still needs further research. The current widespread and severe destroy and declining of mangroves and coral reefs are mainly attributed to direct anthropogenic impacts. A better integrated coastal management, a more efficient ecological environment protection, and an enhanced restoration and reconstruction of ecosystems, are important for an effective adaptation to global change in this century.