Field measurements and modeling of dilution in the wake of a US navy frigate |
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Authors: | Katz C N Chadwick D B Rohr J Hyman M Ondercin D |
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Institution: | Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center San Diego, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152-5000, USA. ckatz@spawar.navy.mil |
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Abstract: | A field measurement and computer modeling effort was made to assess the dilution field of pulped waste materials discharged into the wake of a US Navy frigate. Pulped paper and fluorescein dye were discharged from the frigate's pulper at known rates. The subsequent particle and dye concentration field was then measured throughout the wake by a following vessel using multiple independent measures. Minimum dilution of the pulped paper reached 3.2 x 10(5) within 1900 m behind the frigate, or about 8 min after discharge. Independent measures typically agreed within 25% of one another and within 20% of model predictions. Minimum dilution of dye reached 2.3 x 10(5) at a down-wake distance of approximately 3500 m, or roughly 15 min. Comparison to model measurements were again within 20%. The field test was not only successful at characterizing wake dilution under one set of at-sea conditions, but was successful at validating the computer model used for assessing a wide range of ships and conditions. |
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