我国滨海火电和核电的分布现状及空间发展过程

近年来，我国越来越多的火电和核电电厂建设在滨海区域。文章概述了我国滨海电厂（包括火电和核电）的地理分布、热量排放和单机容量现状，回顾了近30年滨海电厂的空间发展过程。研究结果表明：我国滨海电厂分布不均，主要集中在广东省、浙江省和福建省。相同装机容量下，滨海核电设计排放热量比滨海火电设计排放热量多58%。滨海火电平均单机容量远远大于全国火电。20世纪90年代，我国滨海电厂主要分布在河口和海湾附近；截至2020年，滨海电厂在海湾、开放海域和河口装机容量的分布比例约为7:2:1。从尽量减少对海洋生态环境影响的角度考虑，位于河口的滨海电厂应开展电力结构调整；在保障建设运营安全的前提下，滨海电厂，特别是滨海核电应尽量选址在开放海域。

Distribution status and spatial development process of coastal power plants in China

In recent years, an increasing number of coastal nuclear power plants and thermal power plants (CNATPPs) have been built in coastal areas. We focus on the distribution, heat emission and unit capacity of CNATPPs in China, and review the spatial development process of CNATPPs in recent 30 years. The results showed that the distribution of CNATPPs in China is uneven, mainly concentrated in provinces of Guangdong Province, Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province. With the same installed capacity, the design heat emission of coastal nuclear power plants (CNPPs) is 58% more than that of coastal thermal power plants (CTPPs). The average unit capacity of CTPPs is much larger than that of national thermal power. Before 2000, CNATPPs were mainly distributed in estuaries and bays; By 2020, the proportion of installed capacity distributed in bays, open seas and estuaries was about 7:2:1. From the perspective of minimizing the impact on the marine ecological environment, CNATPPs located in the estuary should carry out power structure adjustment; On the premise of ensuring the construction and operation safety of CNATPPs, it is suggested that CNATPPs, especially CNPPs should be located in open seas.