河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局演变

利用1987年和2002年的遥感影像,借助于地理信息系统技术,结合河南黄河沿岸的区域特征,运用景观生态学的基本理论,分析河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局的演变,用于了解在自然过程和人类活动共同作用下的河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局的演变过程及影响机理。结果表明,在研究区域内,水浇地景观类型为占优势的景观类型。1987~2002年景观格局动态变化显著：河流景观、水浇地景观、林地景观和滩地景观类型的面积呈减小趋势,坑塘景观、稻田景观、旱地景观和建设用地景观类型面积则呈增加趋势。景观斑块总数量呈现出略微减少的趋势。景观空间特征表现为景观多样性增加,各景观类型所占比例差异减小。破碎化指数减小,景观整体破碎化程度有所减缓。景观空间构型明显,基本上是以大斑块为主,呈聚集型分布。特别是占优势的景观类型,斑块更加集中连片。自然过程特别是人类活动对河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局的变化有深刻的影响。

Changes of Landscape Patterns along the Yellow River in Henan Province from 1987 to 2002

As a basis for conservation management, sufficient information about landscape structure should be provided. In the present study, we reconstructed the former landscape structurel and elucidated the changes in landscape patterns during a period of about 15 years. We used a landsat-5 image (1987) and a landsat-7 image (2002) for analyses. The frequency index, landscape diversity index and landscape fragmentation index and distribution centroid were calculated for analyses. By using GIS and remote sensing techniques, the paper discussed how nature and human activities have changed landscape patterns along the Yellow River in Henan Province. The results showed that within the study area, the irrigable land was the dominant landscape type. From 1987 to 2002, the area of the river, irrigable land, forest and beach landscape types presented a decreasing trend while the area of landscape types of pools, paddy field, dry land and construction land presented an increasing trend. The total number of the landscape patches tended to decrease. With the intensification of human activities, landscape diversity index increased and landscape fragmentation index decreased; and the differences among the proportion of each landscape type decreased and the landscape diversity increased.