Avoiding deforestation in Panamanian protected areas: An analysis of protection effectiveness and implications for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
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Authors: | Jordan S Oestreicher Karina Benessaiah Maria C Ruiz-Jaen Sean Sloan Kate Turner Johanne Pelletier Bruno Guay Kathryn E Clark Dominique G Roche Manfred Meiners Catherine Potvin |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, MacDonald Campus, Macdonald-Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9;2. Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1B1;3. Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W., Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2K6;4. Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia;5. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 2 St. Clair West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1L5;6. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate, 2 Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France;7. Department of Plant Science, McGill University, MacDonald Campus, Macdonald-Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9;8. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Panama;9. RARE, Mar Caspio 2130 Interior 24, Col. Country Club, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, C.P. 45010, Mexico |
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Abstract: | Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is likely to be central to a post-Kyoto climate change mitigation agreement. As such, identifying conditions and factors that will shape the success or failure of a reduced deforestation scheme will provide important insights for policy planning. Given that protected areas (PAs) are a cornerstone in forest conservation, we draw on interviews and secondary data to analyze the effects of available PA resources, governance ability, the level of community involvement, and provincial deforestation rates on land-cover change in nine PAs in Panama. Our results illustrate that coupling surveillance measures with greater funding and strong governance are paramount to reducing deforestation. Alone, however, these factors are insufficient for forest protection. We argue that conservation approaches that complement effective surveillance with community participation and equitable benefit sharing will address the wider issues of leakage and permanence. |
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