国外乡村城市化研究的起源、进展与比较

马克思和恩格斯最早对乡村城市化进行了研究,尔后国外学者在不同历史时期对西方发达国家、亚洲、不发达的第三世界国家等对此进行了较深入研究,产生了不同的认识,得出了不同的结论。对国外的乡村城市化研究的起源、进展进行分析总结和比较,对深化我国的乡村城市化研究有积极的启发意义。

Origin, Development and Comparison of the Rural Urbanization Process in Foreign Countries

In literature, Marx and Engels were the first two scholars in making researches on urbanization of the countryside. After them, there were many foreign scholars such as M. Pacioner, McGee and Qadeer made further researches with comprison of developed countries, Asia and the Third World. They had different cognition and conclusions: first, urbanization of the countryside in developed countries such as France, Britain and America is a diffusing process from city to countryside and this happened under the condition of high developed urbanization , second, the " Kotadesasi" , a other type of urbanization of the countryside, took place at "Desakota" which were among some special regions in Asia with examples of the country had powerful government to constitute effective policy for protecting agriculture and land like Japan and South Korea, the district around metropolis with high density population like the coast of China and the district with slow economy gzowth and high density of population like Sichuan basin in China, and Third, the "urbanization on implosion" is proceeding, which was happened at "ruralopolises" in the Third World such as India, Pakistan, Indonesia...The in -place growth of the population in these areas is producing densities that equel or surpass the urban threshold and this level ol density transforms spatial organization and the land market, both for agricultural and residential lands, as well as precipitates thresholds for community infrastructure. The urbanization process of the countryside surely recasts settlement patterns, the land tenure system and demand lor facilities and services in urban modes. However "urbanization by implosion" is different from "kotadesast" in six aspects. In sum, it can be found that each type of the urbanizations process of the countryside had its background and this might exert positive influence to the study on the rural urbanization process in China.