基于外部性理论的湿地退化成因分析及对策研究

基于生态经济学中的外部性原理，结合湿地生态系统的准公共物品属性、外部经济性、外部不经济性以及代际外部性等属性，分析湿地退化的成因.结果表明：湿地萎缩加剧、生态服务功能衰退主要是由于人类缺乏对湿地功能与效益的正确认识，以及不合理的利益分配机制导致的成本外溢现象，从事湿地保护的正外部性行为未得到应有的补偿，负外部性行为未付出应有的代价，并提出应建立因地制宜的多元化生态补偿机制.

EXTERNALITY THEORY-BASED ANALYSIS ON CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES OF WETLAND DEGRADATION

Based on the externality principle of ecological economics, combined with the properties of quasi-public goods, external economy, external diseconomy and intergenerational externality of wetland ecosystem, the paper analyzes the causes of wetland degradation. The results show that the worsening of wetland shrinkage and declining ecological service function are mainly due to lack of correct understanding of wetland function and benefit, and cost spillover caused by unreasonable profit distribution mechanism as well. The positive externalities engaged in wetland conservation have not been compensated, while the negative externalities have not paid due costs. Therefore, it is suggested that diversified eco-compensation mechanisms be established according to local conditions.