湖南省传统农区乡村功能时空演变及影响因素研究

乡村是城市功能扩散与转移的重要承接地，乡村功能的时空演变及影响因素分析对实现城乡统筹发展与可持续发展具有重要意义。综合运用熵值法、冷热点分析和地理探测器等方法，以湖南省102个县市为研究对象，对湖南省乡村功能的时空演变、空间分异及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明：① 1997―2017年县域乡村生产和生活功能整体上呈现出上升的发展态势，而乡村生态功能整体上呈减弱的趋势。② 1997―2017年湖南省乡村功能热点区由长株潭地区向外扩张，而冷点区呈先收缩后扩张的发展态势；20 a间，在长株潭地区形成稳定的热点区，在湘西地区形成稳定的冷点区。③ 湖南省乡村功能空间分异是农业现代化、乡村就业主体、县域经济基础、城镇化、工业化等综合作用的结果，其影响力大小与方向存在显著的差异性，其中农业现代化水平、乡村就业主体对湖南省及5个地区乡村功能空间分异有重要的驱动作用。

The Spatial-temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Rural Functions in Traditional Agricultural Areas in Hunan Province

Rural function refers to the sum of various services provided by the village to meet the various needs of rural residents, involving ecological, economic, social, cultural and other aspects. China is in a critical period of urbanization development. The expansion of urban and rural construction land has restricted rural production space, fragmented living space, and unbalanced ecological space. However, the development of economy and technology and the proposal of rural revitalization strategies have prompted the reintegration of various elements of the rural regional system. The village has entered a period of rapid transformation. Under the effects of both rural revitalization and urbanization, important changes have taken place in rural employment structure, consumption patterns, and urban-rural relations. Rural functions have gradually extended from primitive residential and agricultural production functions to industrial production functions, life support functions, and eco-tourism. Traditional agricultural areas are the main producing areas of agricultural products and agricultural and sideline products, and shoulder the important task of national food security. The occupation of cultivated land by industrialization and urbanization has affected the development of traditional agricultural areas in the country. The priority development of China’s economic efficiency has neglected the protection of rural culture and ecology, which has caused serious degradation of rural traditional functions. The village is an important bearing of the diffusion and transfer of urban functions. The analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of rural functions and its influencing factors is of great significance for the realization of urban and rural integrated development and sustainable development. A comprehensive application of the entropy method, cold and hot spot analysis, and geo-detector methods, taking 102 counties and cities in Hunan Province as the study area, the spatial-temporal evolution, spatial differentiation, and driving forces of rural functions in Hunan Province are studied by the paper. The results show that: 1) On the whole, from 1997 to 2017, the production and living functions of rural areas in the county area showed an upward trend, while changes in rural ecological functions showed a weakening development trend. 2) From 1997 to 2017, Hunan’s rural functional hotspot area expanded from Changzhutan area to the periphery, while the cold spot area expanded first and then expanded. In these 20 years, a stable hotspot area was formed in Changzhutan area, while On the west side, a stable cold spot area is formed. 3) The spatial differentiation of rural functions in Hunan Province is the result of the combined effect of county background factors and external driving factors, and their roles are significantly different in direction and direction. The two indicators of agricultural modernization level and the main body of rural employment have a significant impact on rural functions.