雅鲁藏布江流域水文分区研究

青藏高原水系众多,水文站点稀疏,观测资料匮乏,通过水文分区可以将相似流域归为一类,实现其有限测站水文资料向无资料区移用以及达到站网优化设置的目标。以雅鲁藏布江流域(以下简称雅江)为研究对象,利用气象资料和反映下垫面条件的土地利用和地形等物理因子,采用主成分分析、K-Means聚类分析等方法对雅江进行水文分区研究。研究中,根据气候和地形的垂直特征,将雅江划分为5个水文分区,分别为高寒荒漠区、高原温带河谷区、高原峡谷稀林区、高原冰川雨雪区和亚热带山地多雨区,并阐述了各分区的特征。最后,采用斯米尔诺夫检验的方法,选取具有长序列水文资料的站点进行检验,论证了分区结果的合理性。此项成果可为雅江无资料流域水文预测提供依据。

Hydrological Regionalization of Yarlung Zangbo Basin Based on Principal Component and Cluster Analysis

It is difficult to use traditional methods making hydrological predictions in Tibet Plateau because of the sparse distribution of hydrome -try stations and lack of observation data. By employing hydrological classification, the limited data of the hydrologic stations can be extrapolated tothe ungaged catchments with similar hydrological attributes. This paper took the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin as the study area, and fulfilled hy -drological classification based on the meteorological data, soil texture, land use, topography and other physical factors. The method of principalcomponent analysis and K-M clustering analysis were adopted. The whole basin was divided into five parts including alpine desert area, plateautemperate valley area, plateau gorge area, plateau glacier rain and snow zone, and subtropical mountain rain zone. In this paper, the differenceand similarity of the hydrological characteristics among the various areas were discussed. And the results of hydrological classification werechecked by Smirnov test. The results can provide a reference for hydrologic predication in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin.