基于景观功能的生态风险评价关键科学问题探析

以人类福祉为导向的自然资源利用方式决定着景观及其功能的变化方向,进而加剧或缓解生态风险。科学量化景观功能及其与人类福祉之间的因果关系、异质过程和驱动机制,将为实现区域发展和生态保护双赢提供科学依据,也是当前制约相关研究从理论走向管理实践的难点。本文在查阅景观功能与生态风险相关文献的基础上,辨析景观变化、景观功能、人类福祉、生态风险间的反馈机制,构建基于景观功能的生态风险评价框架,梳理关键科学问题与研究难点。人类对景观功能的偏好和权衡是区域生态风险形成的重要原因,但对其时空权衡关系认识不足,景观功能的类型识别与综合评价缺乏系统规范方法。景观功能、人类福祉、生态风险三者之间的耦合关系是生态风险评价的重要科学问题。探索综合集成自然、人文两个过程的生态风险管理与方法体系,是未来研究的必然趋势。将景观结构、功能、过程等耦合到生态风险评价,并注重与人类福祉、多功能权衡决策和风险管控政策设计的结合,是亟待研究的重要方向。

Research Progress on Ecological Risk Assessment based on M ultifunctional Landscape

The unreasonable utilization and trade-offs of the multifunctional landscape is one of the important causes leading to ecological risk.Quantifying the relationship,heterogeneous process and driving mechanism between landscape function and human well-being can provide a scientific basis for achieving a win-win situation of regional development and ecological protection,and it is also an important issue for relevant scientific research.In this paper,we reviewed the current state of knowledge regarding landscape function and ecological risk,identified the feedback mechanisms among landscape change,landscape function,human well-being and ecological risk,constructed the ecological risk assessment framework based on landscape functions,and sorted out the key scientific issues and research trends.The interconnections between the multifunctional landscape,human well-being,and ecological risk comprise an important scientific issue in ecological risk assessment.However,there is a lack of understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape function trade-offs,and there is also a lack of systematic and standardized methods for the identification and comprehensive evaluation of landscape functions.Exploring ecological risk management and the methodologies that integrate the two processes of nature and humanity is an inevitable trend for future research.Coupling landscape structure,function and process into ecological risk assessment,as well as focusing on the combination of human well-being,landscape function trade-off and ecological risk control policy design are important issues to be studied.