多年冻土区天然气管道建设关键技术

多年冻土地区天然气资源丰富，资源勘探开发和天然气外输管道建设日益受到重视。温带地区传统、常规的天然气管道设计、施工、运维方法、技术在多年冻土区遇到很大的挑战。因此，以管道工程设计者的角度，总结多年冻土区天然气管道的设计、施工和项目风险管理3个大项14个子项关键技术，主要包括管土水、热、力耦合系列的管输气冷却技术和传热计算技术，材料、应力系列的管道断裂控制技术和基于应变的管道设计技术，公用配套系列的连续多年冻土接地技术、不连续冻土区阴极保护技术、冻土区站场基础、管道支撑设计技术和建筑物模块化和设备撬装化技术，施工系列的特殊施工装备、冰雪公路修建、低温焊接和焊缝100%检测技术，以及自然环境、社会人文和技术等风险管理技术。希望能够为北极、高山和高原多年冻土区天然气管道建设提供新思路。

Key techniques for building of natural gas pipelines in permafrost regions

Permafrost regions are rich in natural gas resources. Gas exploration and development and gas pipeline construction thus have received increasingly more attention. The traditional and conventional techniques for pipeline design， construction and operation have encountered great challenges in permafrost regions. This paper summarizes the related key techniques for building gas pipelines in permafrost regions， including three items and fourteen sub-items， based on considerations for special permafrost environments and experiences and lessons learned from oil and gas pipeline projects in permafrost regions from the perspectives of pipeline designers and engineers. These key techniques comprise chilled transporting processes and heat-transfer calculation based on a series of techniques of coupled hydrothermal-hydraulic-mechanical modeling of the pipe-soil system， pipe crack control and strain-based design of pipelines based on a series of techniques of material and strain， grounding technology in continuous permafrost regions， cathodic protection in discontinuous permafrost regions， station foundation and pipe supports design and modular buildings and skids based on a series of techniques of public utilities， special construction equipment， building of snow and ice temporary roads and pads， low temperature welding process and welding seams inspection based on a series of techniques of construction， and risk management in natural environment， humanistic environment， social environment and new technology. It is hoped that new and innovative approaches can be inspired and envisioned for gas pipeline construction in arctic， boreal， alpine and high-plateau permafrost regions.