近15a喜玛拉雅山中段波曲流域冰川和冰湖变化

西藏聂拉木县波曲流域内分布有大量的冰川和冰湖,通过对2000/2001年度遥感数据解译并与1987年的数据对比,发现近15 a来该流域内的冰川面积、冰湖数量和面积等均发生了巨大的变化,结果表明:冰川总面积减小了20%,>0.020 km²的冰湖数量增加了11%,冰湖面积增加了47%.其中位于西夏邦马峰东侧的嘎龙错和扛西错最为典型,面积分别增加了104%和118%.2005年夏季野外考察对以上资料进行了核实.在全球气候变暖的趋势下,预计该流域内的冰川面积将进一步缩小,冰湖数量在小幅增加后将会出现大规模的冰湖溃决,导致严重的泥石流灾害.

Change in Glaciers and Glacier Lakes in Boiqu River Basin, Middle Himalayas during Last 15 Years

There are many glaciers and glacier lakes in the Poiqu River basin within Nyalam county of Tibet Region.Data including distribution and area of glaciers and glacier lakes were obtained based on interpreting the remote sensing data of Landsat satellite.Compared with the data of 1987,it is found that many elements such as area of glaciers,number and area of glacier lakes have changed very much.The area of glaciers has decreased by 20%,the number of the glacier lakes,whose area is over 0.020 km~2,has increased by 11%,and the area of glacier lakes has increased by 46%.Specially,the Galongco and Gangxico are very distinct,with an area increase of 104% and 118%,respectively.These data have been verified by field research.Owing to the global temperature warming,the area of glaciers will continuously decrease,and the number and area of glacier lakes will continuously increase.After the number of glacier lakes increases a little,many large-scale debris flows will appear because some glacier lakes may outburst.Many countermeasures must be taken as soon as possible in order to mitigate disasters.