山东东部表层土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价模型探讨

针对当前土壤污染研究中存在的问题,提出了一种模糊识别土壤重金属污染评价的方法。并对瑞典学者(Hakanson)提出的潜在生态危害指数法进行了改进,用以计量重金属潜在生态风险。采用建立的模型对山东省东部地区土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明:该区土壤重金属元素污染程度为:Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;而重金属潜在生态风险大小则依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn。总体来看,山东省东部地区存在一定程度的重金属污染,其潜在生态风险为强和很强的土壤占工区面积的13.75%,这种综合危害特征主要受Hg和Cd元素制约,主要分布在莱州-招远-烟台和牟平-乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,且已对农作物安全产生影响。认为地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成局部环境中潜在生态风险较高的重要原因。

Study on Potential Ecological Risk Assessment Model of Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of Eastern Shandong Province

Pointing to problems occurred in soil pollution in the soil, a method that is able to vaguely evaluate weight metal pollution in soil has been put forward. The potential environmental damage parameter which was proposed by Hakanson, one researcher from Sweden has been improved, so as to calculate the potential risk of weight metals. By using this presented method, the potential environment risk of weight metals in soil of eastern Shandong province has been evaluated. It is showed that the degree of weight metal pollution in soil in study area is Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As, while the potential environment risk of weight metals is identified as the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. In all over, a certain degree of weight metal pollution occurred in eastern Shandong province. The soil with high potential environment risk caused by weight metal pollution can take 13.75% in the whole square. This kind of comprehensive characteristics of damages are constrained by Hg and Cd, and mianly distributed in LaizhouZhaoyuanYantai and MoupingRushan gold concentration areas and towns with a large population. The crop production in safety has already been affected. It is considered that geological background and human activities (including pollution from gold exploration, industry, the city with a dense population) are the main factors resulting in the high potential environment risk in the located area.