旅游景区市场化运作对目的地社区的影响评析——"凤凰模式"的个案研究

以湖南凤凰县8大景区为个案,通过旅游地社区政府部门、投资商和社区居民三大利益主体以及旅游者的实地调查和访谈,对景区市场化运作给旅游地社区所带来的经济、社会、文化和环境影响进行了实证分析,结果表明旅游景区市场化运作的绩效显著但矛盾并存,文中就如何完善旅游景区市场化运作模式,规避经营管理风险和负面影响等方面作了进一步的理论思考.

The Impacts of the Market-based Operation of Scenic Areas on Tourist Destination Communitiy

In recent years,operational right transference of scenic areas(spots) is considered to be one of the feasible strategic choices for tourism development esp.in the western regions of China,where tourism industry is restricted by such factors as shortage of fund,poor management and slow access to information.By analysing the data and records coming from the investigation of the government agencies,the staff members of Huanglongdong Invest Limited Company,the local residents as well as the tourists in Fenghuang County,west Hunan Province,this paper tries to reveal the impacts of Fenghuang Model on the scale of tourism industry,the value and popularity of tourism resources,the whole ecological environment,the cultural relics and historic sites in the tourist destination community.A conclusion is that Fenghuang Model brings forward lots of benefits to the destination community,while some problems and contradictions also come along with it.Several tentative countermeasures for eliminating the negative effects of market-based operation method of scenic areas(spots) are put forward,in which construction of benefits balance mechanism,perfection of local resident participation system and the supervisory procedure,etc.are included.