航天器工作的地磁环境

航天器工作环境中的地磁场可以用于定向和姿态控制，为空间飞行提供了一个天然的坐标系，但地磁场与带电、带磁的航天器相互作用又在一定程度上影响着航天器的运动参数（如自旋、定向、轨道等），地磁场的变化，特别是磁暴和亚暴期间剧烈的磁场扰动会对航天器的正常运行和航天器仪器的有效工作造成重大影响，与磁场变化相伴随的磁层、电离层扰动，高能粒子流对航天器的工作、空间通讯、对宇航员的安全都可能有严重影响。磁扰期间，中性大气的密度、温度的变化也会影响航天器的轨道和姿态，本文从地磁场结构和变化综合评价航天器工作的地磁场环境，为航天器利用地磁场和防护地磁场变化带来的有害影响提供一些背景材料。

GEOMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT OF SPACECRAFT

The geomagnetic field is one of the most important factors of space flight environment. As a natural coordinate frame for space spacecraft, it can be applied to orientation and attitude control of spacecraft.On the other hand, the geomagnetic field, interacting with spacecraft, affects to some extent operations parameters of spacecraft, such as orbit, spin, orientation. Variations of the magnetic field, especially violent disturbances during magnetic storms and substorms, drasticly affect normal operation and effection working of spacecraft. Ionospheric-magnetospheric disturbances and high energy particles associated with magnetic variations may be dangerous to spacecraft, commnication and astronaut safety. During magnetic disturbances variations of density and temperature of the neutral atmosphere influence orbit and attitude of spacecraft. In this paper geomagentic environment of space flight in reviewed from the view point of geomagnetic field structure and its variations for supplying a background of appilication of the geomangetic field and prevention of its harmful effects.