滑雪场建设气候条件分析

以河北省承德市围场县规划建设的滑雪场为例,采用承德地区7个气象站积雪观测资料和围场气象站1951—2011年地面观测资料,应用数理统计方法,分析了积雪、气温、风、降水和灾害天气(包括大雾、沙尘、雷暴和冰雹)等气象要素年代际变化特征,评估了围场滑雪场选址的气候适宜性、可持续发展性和气候风险性。结果表明,围场是承德区域内滑雪场建设的首选地址,该地积雪主要出现在11月至次年3月,其中11月和12月为滑雪场的最佳运营期;6—8月风效指数达到"舒适"的日数月均在20天以上,益于滑雪淡季开展其他旅游项目。此外,围场地区发生雪崩的可能性极低,灾害性天气,尤其是雷暴和冰雹,频发于滑雪旅游淡季,因此在滑雪场投入运营之后应加强滑雪淡季灾害性天气的预警和防御工作。为保证该地区滑雪场的可持续性发展,建议滑雪场建设规模不易过大,且严格限制滑雪场数量。

Analysis of Climatic Conditions for Constructing Ski Resort

Based on the snow data of seven weather stations of Chengde and the meteorological data of Weichang Weather Station from 1951 to 2011, the climate suitability, sustainability, and climate risk for the construction of a ski resort in Weichang are analyzed and evaluated through studying of the inter-annual variation characteristics of meteorological factors such as snow, temperature, wind, precipitation, and weather disasters （including fog, dust, thunderstorms, and hail）. The results show that Weichang is the best place to build the ski field in Chengde, where there exists snow cover mostly from November to the following March （the best time for skiing is November and December）, and there are more than 20 comfortable days from June to August, which is suitable to carry out other tourism projects in the ski resort. The possibility of avalanche is very low in Weichang, but severe weather occurs frequently in off- season of skiing, so the early warning and defense measures of weather disasters should be taken during this time. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the ski resort, it is recommended that the construction scale of the ski resort cannot be too large and the numbers of ski activities should be limited strictly.