花岗岩不同土地利用类型坡地水土流失特征*

利用福建省安溪水土保持试验站的实测资料,对花岗岩不同土地利用类型坡地的水土流失特征进行了初步研究,试验结果说明,坡地只要有一定的植被覆盖和适当的坡地工程,水土流失均可得到控制.松耕使坡耕地土壤侵蚀力急剧下降,必须加强夏季园面覆盖.建议利用USLE进行土壤侵蚀预测时,未扰动自然课露坡地C取值0.1-0.3.实测结果显示,香根草带和牧草覆盖均有良好的保持水土效益,与山边沟工程结合,可以在较陡坡地果园开发中替代梯田台地进行推广.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AND WATER LOSSES ON VARIOUS SLOPING LAND IN GRANITE AREA

A preliminary study on the characteristics of soil and water losses on slopes land use forvarious purposes has been made based on the data obtained from the Anxi experimental sta-tion. The results show that the soil and water losses can be gradually controlled as long asthe slopes have a certain vegetation cover combined with appropriate slope interceptiveworks,though some soil and water losses may occur at the beginning period. Because the dis-turbed soil has a weak resistance to erosion, the coverage of cultivated land should be in-creased,especially in summer. It is suggested that the C value should be 0.1-0. 3 on undis-turbed natural bare slopes when USLE is adopted to predict the soil erosion.The contour terrace has a sound function of soil and water conservation,but it has somelimits such as expensive labour cost and inconvenint transportation. Based on the measureddata,the Vetiveria belts and grass cover have the similar function of soil and water conserva-tion to contour terrace on slope. The model of the Vetiveria belts interplanting with fruitsand annual leguminous crops combined with hill side ditch can be extended on steep slope.The pattern of fruit garden with grass cover combined with hill side ditch can be spread inthe coastal areas where have a good economic condition.